Job Satisfaction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Occupation Satisfaction - Research Paper Example In work fulfillment research, there are a few factors (both quantitative and subjective) that are indispensable while undertaking the exploration. Among the factors are sex (subjective) and inherent (quantitative) parts. A few examinations propose that segment attributes might be connected to a person’s fulfillment with their work. In the event that sexual orientation identifies with work fulfillment, this connection may be halfway analyzed and clarified by an interceding impact of another arrangement of factors. In any case, the truth of the matter is there is no characterized connection among sex and employment fulfillment. Irregularities in discoveries concerning the connection between work fulfillment and sexual orientation might be a direct result of different variables. Not exclusively may females and guys in a similar firm contrast in the activity level, pay, advancement possibilities and some more, yet they may vary in the degree to which a similar activity fulfills th eir requirements. Characteristic rewards, for example, task criticalness, task independence, chances to learn new things, task contribution and acknowledgment are fundamental precedence to work fulfillment to representatives in the associations. The subjective variable is an illustrative variable. They have a more noteworthy bearing on the outcome because of their control of different boundaries. Quantitative factors are factors that can be estimated. They are simply scientific in nature. In this investigation, sexual orientation is one of the subjective factors it is spellbinding in nature while inborn, advantages, offices and age can be estimated subsequently they contain the quantitative factors. The mean is 1.777778 while the standard deviation and test change are 0.423659 and 0.179487 individually. At 95% certainty level, the SD is the deviation from the focal mean. The skewness in - 1.41623, in this manner, work fulfillment will in general be slanted towards the men sexual orientation. The charts clarify that activity fulfillment is genuinely isolated among guys and females.

The Sublime Savage: Caliban on Setebos Essay -- Caliban on Setebos Ess

The Sublime Savage: Caliban on Setebos       Caliban my slave, who never/Yields us kind answer.  (The Tempest, I.ii.310-1)    Caliban on Setebos was one of Robert Browning's increasingly famous sonnets among the Victorians, for its assumed parody of customary Calvinism, Puritanism, and comparatively horrid Christian organizations. Furthermore, Browning as Shakespeare's savage does in fact appear to throw a couple of thorns toward that path, yet the writer's activity is by all accounts as much one in elective religious philosophy. Caliban's marsh bound guesses, in their critical takeoffs from standard strict convention, fill in as both an intriguing disavowal of Archdeacon Paley's endeavors to excuse God, and as an engaging 'sci-fi' story, maybe, of strict idea under exchange conditions.   Caliban is, obviously, the rescue and distorted slave of Shakespeare's actors in The Tempest, child of the expired witch Sycorax, hireling of the mage Prospero, associate of and bootlicker for Stephano and Trinculo, bombed plotters and plastered jokesters. As disproportion'd in his habits/As in his shape (V.i.290-1), he has attempted to violate Prospero's little girl Miranda before being ousted to his cavern, and throughout the play endeavors to topple Prospero himself and introduce Stephano on the seat of the island. Finally, however, Duke Prospero comes to absolve even Caliban - This thing of dimness I/recognize mine (V.i.275-6), and his day laborer vows to be astute from this point forward,/and look for beauty (V.i.294-5) or favor with his lord.   Cooking unquestionably did his exploration in creating the sonnet: close to the finish of the work, Caliban grovels under Setebos' raven that has told... ... as it were,/Taketh his jollity with pretends (ll. 168-9). Caliban's simple acknowledgment of an impulsive, frequently pitiless god, and his eagerness to dishonor himself in retribution for unreasonable celestial displeasure, fills in as a satiric reprimand to both Paley and the Calvinists, and expressive help for Browning's progressively acceptable God of adoration. Shakespeare's Prospero claims that, without his assistance and training, Caliban didst not, savage,/Know thine own significance, yet wouldst jabber like/A thing generally brutish (I.ii.357-9). A portion of Browning's depreciators considered Caliban on Setebos still to be brutish, for its unforgiving language and unsavory way of thinking. However the sonnet is fruitful in its point: it is a powerful laxative to self-satisfied strict hypothesis, and an engaging look into a putative religion dependent on very various principles from Victorian Christianity.    

Considering The Present

Getting my first loft 3. Having my two wonderful little girls 4. Turning into the Head Cake Decorator on my Job 5. Coming back to class Each of these encounters has amazingly affected my life somehow. Moving on from secondary school was a serious deal for me just as my family. I was the first of my grandma's grandchildren to move on from secondary school. In the wake of moving on from secondary school I tried sincerely and paid to lease my first apartment.Having my own space and turning out to be free was something I have constantly needed in light of the fact that I needed to share everything growing up. I have two wonderful little girls whom have completely changed myself generally advantageous. Before hosting the young ladies I was a get-together creature. They have eased back me down and caused me to acknowledge what Is Important throughout everyday life. I have constantly preferred to structure things growing up. Turning into a head cake decorator has permitted me to show my inn ovativeness and accommodate my family, Last, yet not least returning back to class to advance my training has been an objective that I have consistently bet to accomplish.Obtaining my degree from Gifford will assist me with providing a far and away superior way of life for my little girls. At the point when I moved on from secondary school, I was so glad for myself. I achieved something that none of my grandmas grandchildren had ever done. Getting my own loft showed me how to be a resilient person. I tried sincerely and kept up my own space which some youngsters at 19 years old couldn't do. Having my children was the best thing that at any point transpired. It showed me how to adore unequivocally and genuinely.I felt incredible that I had my very own home to bring them up in. Turning out to be head cake decorator was an objective that I achieved that was extremely unforeseen. I was the reinforcement cake decorator. At the point when the head decorator accepted a more lucrative Posit ion she selected me to take her space which was an incredible achievement. Returning back to class has been perhaps the greatest dream and I am overpowered with joy on how well I am doing in the wake of being out of school for more than ten years. In my top notch I got done with a B I incredible for and pleased to be an understudy at Gifford college. Thinking about The Present In adolescence and for the duration of our lives we live, we love, and we learn. These learning encounters can be either positive or negative and they can rapidly be overlooked or can remain with us until the end of time. All through my lifetime I have experienced a lot of both positive and negative encounters. It is through these encounters that I have become the lady I am today. Two of these positive encounters that I have experienced over a mind-blowing span that have had the biggest impact in the lady I am today are; the introduction of my first child and getting perfect and sober.Both of these encounters accompanied an assortment of blended feelings at the outset however at long last were fulfilling. I can at present recall the day the specialists revealed to me I was pregnant. That prompt feeling of dread gulped down me and time appeared to stop. It was not until two or after three months that I understood there was no changing the circumstance and that I expected to make its a bsolute best. Discovering I was pregnant begun as an exceptionally alarming encounter at the end of the day was one of the best and remunerating encounters I have ever endured.After the dread settled somewhat I had the option to truly begin pondering my life and what I expected to change. As of recently at the specialists I was living step by step doing what I expected to accomplish for me and nobody else. I had no activity, I was living with my folks and my solitary wellspring of energy originated from the neighborhood saloons late around evening time. I realized things expected to change and I set out set for roll out that improvement occur. Alone and apprehensive I had the option to bite the bullet and approach my family for help and the direction to recover my life on target before this child entered our world.All through my pregnancy I realized I cherished my unborn child more than I have ever adored anything in this world. I realized that my life was not, at this point mine so mewhat it was my child and I’s and that I should have been the absolute best parent I could be. In spite of the fact that I couldn't get a genuine line of work I was watching other relatives and acquiring my own cash. I had the option to purchase nearly everything that was required for my unborn child completely all alone. Two months before I was because of conceive an offspring I at last got my own loft. I was beginning to feel like my own individual and I was not all that frightened anymore.Kaidon Douglas Bishop entered this world on July 26th, 2005. It is a day that I will always remember. That prompt sentiment of unlimited love overpowered me. This young man had changed my life everlastingly and without precedent for my life I had an inclination that I accomplished something right and I had motivation to live the correct way. I picked this experience to examine first since I trust it has had the most significant effect on my life and the individual I am today. Discovering I was pregnant was a gigantic eye opener and motivator.There has been no other involvement with my life that has made me as cheerful and fulfilled as this one. The second experience I have decided to talk about is my excursion through habit and into restraint. This is one more experience that has had an enduring impact on my life. At about the age of 16 I experienced some exceptionally harsh occasions and as opposed to manage all the sentiments and feelings that accompanied those challenges I went to medications to cover those emotions. Things immediately heightened and in just a couple of brief months my life was turned totally upside down.My chronic drug use was the main thing in my life that made a difference and I couldn't have cared less about anything with the exception of my next high and where it was coming from. The ages of 16 through 21 were by a long shot the most noticeably terrible long periods of my life. My dependence on sedatives was running my life. All through the five years of my habit I completed a few spells all through County correctional facilities, State penitentiaries and recoveries. At the point when I was not in one of those spots I was destitute, skipping around from tranquilize house to medicate house when I could and resting on the avenues when I had no other option.My last absolute bottom was the point at which my own family had totally closed me out of their lives. It was now I realized that something needed to change and I expected to find support. I didn't have anything and no one and it was a desolate time for me. I started making calls to substance misuse programs all over New York State trusting and asking that someone would need to help. I was at long last acknowledged into a suboxone program for sedative fixation and by and by had somebody on my side. Gradually I had the option to totally get off from the heroin and agony executioners and recover some feeling of control.I comprehend that this seems like an exceptionally negative encounter however I have picked it as one of the more noteworthy encounters throughout my life in light of the fact that the result was so certain and fulfilling and right up 'til the present time influences my regular day to day existence and choices. When I was spotless and my family saw my improvement I was acknowledged back in to open arms and a vessel heap of help. I question profoundly I would have ever had the option to beat this fixation and recover my existence without the assistance of my family. This experience not just showed me t he estimation of family however that determination and endeavoring to get something you truly need pays off.

Foils for Odysseus - 1448 Words

Breanna Manlick 4-26-2014 CLAS 342 Paper Assignment #2 Character Foils for Odysseus The Odyssey is the epic that has been read time and time again, by varying ages, digging its way into our hearts, becoming an instant classic. Odysseus and the adventures of his homecoming create a much different tale than Homer’s other work, the Iliad, provided. The epic is not about bloodthirsty men trying to get their hands on kleos anymore; it is about the homecoming of a man who uses his wits, not his weapon. In the Odyssey, the characters balance – Homer provides contrasting characters to show the readers the traits that Odysseus holds and how it builds his character development and even those who are foils to him. Odysseus’ own son, Trojan War†¦show more content†¦Agamemnon was stabbed to death by the vengeful tag-team. Agamemnon’s son, Orestes, unleashed vengeance upon his mother and her lover. Agamemnon’s family is a foil for Odysseus’ family life. Odysseus’ family loves him very dearly and has done no wrong as he was away. Penelope, unlike Clytemnestra, stays loyal to Odysseus and even creates an ingenious plan to keep the suitors off her back. Telemachos on the other hand has to deal with the suitors who are trying to marry his mother and have been dishonoring his father, Odysseus, eating their fill since they sat their butts on the stools they deem as weapons. Telemachos can’t even stand up to the suitors as Agamemnon’s son took revenge on the people who killed his father. This shows how Telemachos should be as a son and will soon be as he grows up to be more like his father. Menelaos had a long homecoming due to the gods, just as Odysseus had. Menelaos angered the Egyptian gods, due to the lack of knowledge of Egyptian customs. He was able to get home with all of his crew, unlike Odysseus, who was a lone survivor. Although Menelaos had an easier homecoming than Odysseus, he did not have a faithful wife, just like Agamemnon. Helen was the reason for the Trojan War; for Menelaos it was not easy to forgive an unfaithful wife to that degree. He cannot rejoin the present as easily due to all that was lost in Troy, destined to be full of grief forShow MoreRelatedCharacter Foils For Odysseus By Homer1331 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Foils for Odysseus Throughout the epic Homeric poem, The Odyssey of Homer, Odysseus is a hero known for his cunningness, vigilance, and overall attainment of homecoming. Odysseus’ journey home is one of many mental and physical tests that which involve numerous encounters with others whose characters are in opposition with his. It is important to understand that through his encounters with certain opposing characters, Odysseus’ qualities of possessing heroism and cleverness are vividlyRead MoreAgamemnon And Achilles In The Book 11 Of The Odyssey842 Words   |  4 PagesBook 11 of The Odyssey serves as representing a foil to Achilles through Agamemnon and Achilles’ stories and showing us a different perspective about heroic death with fame and glory(kleos). Homer uses Agamemnon, Achilles, and Heracles as characters for a comparison between their ended lives in Hades and Odysseus’ undead life. The story of Achilles’ failure to return to home and Agamemnon’s trag ic death from her faithless wife acts as a foil to Odysseus and her faithful wife in the Book 11. Also, theRead MoreThe Similarities Of Foils In Homers Odyssey950 Words   |  4 PagesFoils in The Odyssey Foils exist to create secondary character’s actions and thoughts. These actions and thoughts are the ideals of the representation of that person. That person exists in contrasts with other people. Other people exist in comparison with that person. These ideals exist in all of literature with the introduction and the plays of old. The Odyssey along with olden works of literature, conduct their secondary characters to interact with the primary. Homer utilizes the ideals of contrastRead MoreThe Elements Of Foils In Homers Odyssey942 Words   |  4 PagesFoiling in The Odyssey Foils exist to create secondary characters actions and thoughts. These actions and thoughts are the ideals of the representation of that person. That person exists in contrasts with other people. Other people exist in comparison with that person. These ideals exist in all of literature with the introduction and the plays of old. The Odyssey along with olden works of literature conduct their secondary characters to interact with the primary. Homer utilizes the ideals of contrastsRead MoreThe Double Standard: Women Cast into the Shadows of Men 1356 Words   |  6 Pagesaround, it seems unlikely that the bar of equality between men and women will ever be perfectly just. The Odyssey shows how the double standard was no stranger even over 30 centuries ago. The epic poem focuses on alpha male, Odysseus’ journey home. Throughout the novel Odysseus continues to be described as strong, intelligent, and courageous despite his character flaws. He is portrayed as the man everyone wants to be. The Wife of Bath Tale in The Canterbury Tales is another story that clearly illustratesRead MoreOdessy Essay: Whos to Blame950 Words   |  4 PagesTo Blame? In Homer’s Epic, The Odyssey Odysseus the leader of Ithaca goes through very long troublesome and painful journey after fighting in the Trojan War. Throughout the whole epic, learning and experiencing his long expedition, the reader can decide who is to blame. Many Greek people would believe that Gods are almost always the source of human misfortune, however the distress maybe caused by their selves rather than the all-powerful gods. Odysseus has been away from his kingdom a total ofRead MoreOdysseus As The Epic Hero In Homers Odyssey1019 Words   |  5 PagesOdysseus as the Epic Hero in Homer’s The Odyssey A style of work often explored in Greek literature is that of the epic. An expansive poem of a wide scope centered on and regarding the wondrous deeds of the main, heroic figure, on whose actions depend the fate of a nation. The definition of an epic can be used to describe The Odyssey by Homer. In The Odyssey we are introduced to our main character, Odysseus, the former king of Ithaca and a Trojan war hero who has been trapped on an Island by theRead MoreThe Role of The Gods in The Lives of Men Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesboth Odysseus and his son, Telemachus. Athena has an extraordinarily close relationship with Odysseus. She is Odysseus’s guardian. Athena directs Odysseus and Telemachus both physically and mentally throughout their many life changing adventures. In the beginning of the Odyssey, Odysseus is being held by Kalypso on her island. Athena begs her father, Zeus, to send Hermes to make Kalypso release Odysseus so that he may return home to Ithaka. Athena says , â€Å"†¦my own heart is broken for Odysseus, theRead More Women in The Odyssey Essay example1487 Words   |  6 Pagesplay an influential role in The Odyssey. Women appear throughout the story, as goddesses, wives, princesses, or servants. The nymph Calypso enslaves Odysseus for many years. Odysseus desires to reach home and his wife Penelope. It is the goddess Athena who sets the action of The Odyssey rolling; she also guides and orchestrates everything to Odysseus’ good. Women in The Odyssey are divided into two classes: seductresses and helpmeets. By doing so, Homer demonstrates that women have the power to eitherRead MoreExamples Of Archetypes In The Odyssey1291 Words   |  6 Pagesfilms, music, literature and several other forms of entertainment. In fact, The Odyssey, a prominent piece of writing, contains many archetypes. The Odyssey is a 3,000 year-old epic written by Homer in Ancient Greece. It describes the adventures of Odysseus. As well as being found i n The Odyssey, archetypes are evident throughout Greek culture. These archetypes depict the ideals and beliefs of the Ancient Greeks. Through Homer’s use of archetypes in The Odyssey, the reader gains insights about Ancient

The Accomplishments of George Washington - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 381 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: George Washington Essay Did you like this example? George was born on February 22, 1732 in Virginia. Growing up he worked on his fathers farm which taught him responsibility at a young age. He was no good at spelling but he was very good at math. At age 11, his father died a sudden death and George took over his fathers farm. George was a fair, kind, and responsible man. The most important thing he did was fight for the country of America. In 1749, at the age of 17, George became surveyor (a person who investigates or examines something, especially boats of seaworthiness) of Culpepper County, Virginia. He was very good at doing this job. Being good in math helped him succeed doing this type of work. With the money he made George bought land for himself. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Accomplishments of George Washington" essay for you Create order In 1775, George was made Commander of the Virginia Militia (a volunteer army). Earlier that year George was sent on a dangerous mission which started the French and Indian War. The English Major General Braddock led his army to fight. He was soon killed and left behind some members of his army members. George led Braddocks surviving army members back to their homes. George learned from this that a truly great leader must always learn or die. In January 1776, America got its first flag. It had 13 red and white stripes, which stood for the thirteen colonies. On July 4, 1776 the colonies became a country when the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration stated that America was no longer a group of colonies under English rule, but one nation free to rule itself. On April 6, 1789, George was unanimously elected to be the first president of the United States. Parades, parties, and cheering crowds of people broke out, as he traveled from Mount Vernon to New York.Everyone saluted George as president and celebrated with fireworks and bonfires. In 1792, George again was unanimously elected president. George tried to be a fair president and stated that the president of the United States should only serve the country for two terms (8 years) and someone else should take over. George Washington accomplished so much during the course of his life up until he died on December 14, 1799. George Washington fought for the country of America and the American people. George is also the reason why the country of America has independence.

Essay on Analysis and Description of Pancreatic Cancer

What is Pancreatic Cancer? Pancreatic Cancer is cancer of an organ in the human body called the pancreas, which is located behind the lower part of the stomach. The function of this organ is to secrete certain essential enzymes to digest food and also secrete hormones to metabolize sugars such as insulin and glucagon (Mayoclinic). People get pancreatic cancer when the cells of the pancreas develop genetic mutations; and these can form in both the exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas, but exocrine tumors are more common than endocrine tumors. Because this cancer spreads very quickly throughout the body and the symptoms of the disease don’t usually appear until the cancer is at an advanced stage, it is a leading cause of death†¦show more content†¦When the tumor can be removed surgically, â€Å"the average survival rate is 18 to 20 months, and the overall five-year survival rate is about 10%.† If the tumor can be completely removed by surgery, the percentage can be â€Å"as high as 20% to 25% (American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts Figures 2014).† Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) show progressive stages of neoplastic growth that are precursors to pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The onset of Normal duct, PanIN-1A/PanIN-1B and PanIN-3 lesions are reproduced above. Figure taken from Nature Reviews Cancer 2, 897-909 (December 2002) | doi:10.1038/nrc949 What are some risk factors and treatments for Pancreatic Cancer? There are not many defined risk factors known for pancreatic cancer. Some risk factors are â€Å"family history of the disease, smoking, age, and diabetes (Mayoclinic).† Ideally, pancreatic cancer cells can be detected early and the patient can be treated surgically, but once the cancer has spread, it is usually incurable. A popular clinical tool used to detect pancreatic cancer â€Å"is a tumor marker called sialylated Lewis blood group antigen CA19–9, which can act as a sensitive tumor marker, value diminishes when used to detect small, resectable tumors (Maitra,Show MoreRelatedSteve Jobs: Innovative Genius Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesinc. which is a well-known billion dollar company, and also invented products so popular, almost anyone you ask owns a product of his. In order to understand why Steve Jobs is an american cultural icon, one needs to have a description of his background and a critical analysis of his moral behavior. Born on the 24th of February, 1955, Jobs was born. Jobs biological parents were graduates of Wisconsin who could not afford a child at the time, so jobs was put up for adoption. Jobs got adopted by aRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs1178 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis- Steve Jobs Given the task of conceptualizing a man who truly changed the realm of technology as we know it today, my mind secludes one person. That person is Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computer, now known simply as Apple. For this rhetorical analysis, I will be using three biographies/profiles about Jobs including â€Å"The Real Genius of Steve Jobs† by Malcolm Gladwell with The New Yorker (June 19, 2017), â€Å"Jobs’ Biography; Thoughts on Life, Death, and Apple† from NPR (OctoberRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs By Malcolm Gladwell1165 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis- Steve Jobs Given the task of conceptualizing a man who truly changed the realm of technology as we know it today, my mind secludes one person. That person is Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computer, now known simply as Apple. For this rhetorical analysis, I will be using three biographies/profiles about Jobs including â€Å"The Real Genius of Steve Jobs† by Malcolm Gladwell with The New Yorker (June 19, 2017), â€Å"Jobs’ Biography; Thoughts on Life, Death, and Apple† from NPR (OctoberRead MoreAnalysis Of Vipassana Meditation ( Vm )1854 Words   |  8 Pagesthe meditation center is very clean, calm, quiet, and welcoming, which would be important for a patient such as mine. b. Patient Description Patient is a 56 year old male, 5’10’’ and 155 pounds. Patient was found down in his apartment and unresponsive. Patient has Type 1 diabetes mellitus, is a paranoid schizophrenic, who had a Whipples procedure due to pancreatic cancer. Patient was hypoglycemic which caused this incident. Imaging shows patient has atelectasis, an ejection fraction of 55-60%, andRead Moreconcept analysis of hope2134 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Concept Analysis Hope Background on Hope Identification on the Concept of Hope Defining hope can be equivocal and yet it is commonly associated with a particular experience. Hope reflects an individuals moral values, it is required for human survival; hope is often needed when there is a sense of uncertainty for the future (Tanis DiNapoli, 2008). In healthcare, hope is described as one of the most important concepts associated with spirituality; without it everything else seemsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Implications Of Drugs And Post Traumatic Stress Disorder2076 Words   |  9 Pagesabout what they are experiencing and why. 2) Alcohol and Schizophrenia: Effects: Short-term results of alcohol include memory loss, hangovers, and seizures. Long-term problems related with heavy drinking include stomach complaints, heart problems, cancer, brain damage, serious memory loss and liver cirrhosis. On the other hand Schizophrenia causes noteworthy disruptions to daily functioning. A schizophrenic person’s delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thoughts typically prevent him/her fromRead MoreThe Five Practices Of Effective Leaders Essay2023 Words   |  9 PagesFrancisco, California. Jobs briefly attended Reed College in 1972 and then dropped out. In 1976, he co-founded Apple, which led to the creation of the products such as iTunes, Apple Stores, iPod, and iPhone. Unfortunately, he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2003 and died on October 5, 2011 due to the disease (Isaacson 3). Looking at the Five Practices of Effective Leaders by Kouzes and Posner, it is clear that Steve Jobs was able to succeed in many of these. The five practices include model theRead MoreUnusual Presentation Of Metastatic Sebaceous Carcinoma2680 Words   |  11 Pagescarcinoma is even rarer, and very little experience on the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic disease has been reported. Here, we report a case of recurrent sebaceous carcinoma metastatic to the rectum (initially mimicking rectal cancer and Muir–Torre syndrome) in which the disease responded to multiple lines of chemotherapy. We also review the available literature on chemotherapy in this disease and discuss the role of tumour profiling and genotype-guided selection of chemotherapyRead MoreTurmeric Mouthwash4563 Words   |  19 Pagesinformation about turmeric and how it is used as a herb in alternative herbal treatments to treat ailments and problems. It provides protection against cigarette smoke condensation, is used as an anti-cancer agent and to protect the cells DNA. | * Botanical classification of turmeric * Description of turmeric * Parts used * Properties of turmeric * Internal use * External use * Use of essential oil * Safety precautions and warnings * Used in the following products * HerbalRead MoreUnited Way Case Study2596 Words   |  11 Pagesmission. SWOT Analysis The United Way is an organization that has continually sought ways to stay viable in the hearts of communities. Since its inception, there have been changes and challenges to address. For this non-profit to remain significant to its donors and recipients, it is important that it continue in its tradition of self-examination. This can be accomplished through continual inventory of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats by means of a SWOT analysis. Strengths

Debut Albums and Pure Adrenaline Rush free essay sample

Pure energy! It was now or never! This was the opportunity I had been waiting for! It was time for action. It was a cold day. The wind was blowing, the trees swaying from side to side. It was time for me to conquer my fears. Although I did not know it, I was about to begin an adventure that would push my companions and I to our limits. The day had Just begun. My alarm clock was ringing and the birds were chirping. It seemed like it was going to be a fantastic day. The sun was out; there was not a breath of wind.I fled from my bed so I would not miss a moment of the beautiful day Mother Nature had been kind enough to share. I devoured my breakfast like it was my last and turned on the television. It was a magnificent day but little did I know that on this day I would take part in an event that would push me to my limits. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Pure Adrenaline Rush or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And thats when I noticed the branches of the trees starting to sway rhythm with the wind. I thought to myself, surely this cannot be. In an instant there were clouds on the horizon. I did not believe my eyes. The weather had changed instantaneously changed.It was now a cold, miserable and windy day. Then I saw her standing in the distance. She told me she was going to take me to a place of adventure, somewhere where I could overcome my fears and attempt something that only few had dared. She took me to this place. It was not scary, not Intimidating. In fact it was extremely inviting. There were people eating foods at the gorgeous restaurants. While admiring this concrete Jungle known as the Moses Madhya Stadium I realized I was no longer afraid. I was wrong. I was going to be going to be going face to face with my greatest fear.I was going to be Jumping off this Jungle. Papers were signed, my harness firmly secured around my waist. It was time to begin my voyage. The only thing that would be keeping me apart from the ground was an ordinary rope. I convinced myself I was ready. The voyage to the top of the Jungle had begun. It was no longer intimidating. The gigantic white structure surrounded me. It was as If I was on a pathway to happiness. After what seemed Like an eternity I had arrived at my destination. It was my time to shine. The spotlight was firmly placed on me. Pure adrenaline rush!Pure energy! It was now or never! This was the opportunity I had been waltzing for! It was time for action. Then It happened. I Jumped. I felt my stomach disappear my toes went numb, the wind was rushing through. I then opened my eyes. To my delight It was all over. My heart was pounding, my blood gushing through my veins. There I was dangling In mid-air. I had conquered my fear. I felt Like I was In a scene In a movie. All I could think was that It had been an amazing day. Word count: 51 1 Debut Albums and Pure Adrenaline Rush By keas only few had dared.She took me to this place. It was not scary, not intimidating. In restaurants. While admiring this concrete Jungle known as the Moses Madhya It was as if I was on a pathway to happiness. After what seemed like an eternity I had I had been waiting for! It was time for action. Then it happened. I Jumped. Then opened my eyes. To my delight it was all over. My heart was pounding, my blood gushing through my veins. There I was dangling in mid-air. I had conquered my fear. I felt like I was in a scene in a movie.

Airline Safety Essays - Aircraft Maintenance, Aviation Safety

Airline Safety Airline Safety Many people travel by airplane all around the world. For some people it is the only way they can get to where they are going. On a daily basis, averages of 28 to 30,000 seats are filled on airplanes (Bear, Stearns Co. URL www.hotelonline.com). At each airport, there are hundreds of arrivals and departures worldwide. Even though airline officials say flying is safe, accidents kill many people because airlines neglect to prevent human error or repair faulty equipment. Sometimes I think the only reason an airplane could crash is if something on the plane were to break. However, most of the time that is not the case. A survey conducted by Boeing found that flight crews were responsible for at least seventy-three percent of all fatal airplane accidents. (Gray 17). Forty-one percent of these accidents occurred during landing because of unstable approaches. Also an investigation by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on the causes of airline accidents revealed that more than eighty percent of all airline accidents involved some degree of human error (Helmreich 62). This is very alarming when people are putting their lives in the hands of flight crews. Forty-four passengers died aboard a new British Midland 737 after its crew shut down the wrong engine after the other one malfunctioned (Greenwald 40). Do you really think that flying on an airplane, over which you have absolutely no control is very safe? Reasons for flight crew error can be explained by the conditions under which they are flying. Flight crew fatigue is a largely increasing problem on many of the jumbo jet flights today. Although there are laws that prohibit cockpit crews from sleeping in flight, there have been many weary pilots that have been known to nod off on occasion during some of their seventeen hour, non-stop flights (Urquhart 15). Perhaps laws should regulate the number of hours a flight crew is in the air instead of prohibiting sleep in flight. Another condition, alcohol abuse, has been found to inhibit the abilities of some flight crews. A northwest crew flying from North Dakota to Minnesota was found to be intoxicated on the job (Air Safety 61). Some people refuse to drive at night because of the number of drunk drivers on the road. Would passengers want a drunken pilot to be responsible for their lives while 20,000 feet up in the air? Another reason for flight crew error is pressure to meet flight time schedules. Some of these flights take place during hazardous weather conditions. When I was younger, I saw an airplane crash at the St. Louis Airport after the pilot was ordered to take off even though the plane had ice on its wings. The airplane skidded off the runway because the pilot could not control the steering mechanisms on the icy runway. Other incidents have occurred solely because of bad weather and an urgency to stay on schedule. When flight 803 came in to land at Tripoli, the pilot decided to land the plane even though a dense fog covered the runway. One hour earlier a Soviet jet scheduled to land at the same airport detoured to another to avoid the fog. There were no mechanical malfunctions of the plane; however, it missed the runway by more than a mile, cartwheeled, and slammed into two farmhouses (New Qualms 20). Another accident, which killed most of the passengers on board, occurred when an Air Flor ida Boeing 737 crashed into the Potomac River near Washington, D.C. in 1982. The speed gage for take off was covered with ice which caused the takeoff acceleration to be miscalculated (Helmreich 62). The most avoidable reason for an airplane to crash is faulty equipment that could have been repaired or replaced. A cargo door and part of the outer layer covering tore away from a nineteen year old Boeing 747 shortly after leaving Hawaii, sucking nine people out of the plane and sending them to their deaths over 20,000 feet to the sea (Greenwald 40). Investigators determined that the cause of this disaster was a single faulty door lock. This insignificant door lock could have been replaced many times so that such a disaster and loss of life

Free Essays on DSL Technology

DSL TECHNOLOGY Whether at home or at work, at school or on the move, we all want more speed from every service we choose to use. The theory goes that the greater the speed of service delivery we obtain to meet our daily needs - from grocery shopping to information and entertainment - the more leisure time we can create for ourselves to enjoy. The fact is that in an accelerating world, our expectations and demands keep outstripping the art of the possible and the result is frustration and stress. What we need is some acceleration of the access technologies to deliver that world to us - and those speedier access routes really are just around the corner -coming soon to a telephone line near you in the form of DSL (Digital Subscriber Line). Put simply, DSL gives the humble and ubiquitous copper wires that run throughout the world to provide POTS (plain old telephone service), the capacity to send enormous volumes of data at very high speeds. With DSL, it's not just a phone line, it's a lifestyle. Some DSLs do that in parallel with the standard voice service, all on the same line and at the same time. Some deliver higher speeds or wider bandwidth - the more dense the data you are sending, the wider the bandwidth you need for quality and speedy transmission. Still others deliver higher capacity for downloading than for uploading data. There is a whole portfolio of DSL technologies coming on stream to match user needs at home and at work. The new millennium is about to put a completely new dimension into those telephone lines we have all come to take for granted. Already there are towns and cities around the globe which really are wired for speed with DSL. There are even whole countries which are DSL-ed - like Singapore where ADSL on the phone lines have been given the capacity to deliver video on demand. Here are the basic requirements for a high speed Internet access technology that makes sense for consumers: ... Free Essays on DSL Technology Free Essays on DSL Technology DSL TECHNOLOGY Whether at home or at work, at school or on the move, we all want more speed from every service we choose to use. The theory goes that the greater the speed of service delivery we obtain to meet our daily needs - from grocery shopping to information and entertainment - the more leisure time we can create for ourselves to enjoy. The fact is that in an accelerating world, our expectations and demands keep outstripping the art of the possible and the result is frustration and stress. What we need is some acceleration of the access technologies to deliver that world to us - and those speedier access routes really are just around the corner -coming soon to a telephone line near you in the form of DSL (Digital Subscriber Line). Put simply, DSL gives the humble and ubiquitous copper wires that run throughout the world to provide POTS (plain old telephone service), the capacity to send enormous volumes of data at very high speeds. With DSL, it's not just a phone line, it's a lifestyle. Some DSLs do that in parallel with the standard voice service, all on the same line and at the same time. Some deliver higher speeds or wider bandwidth - the more dense the data you are sending, the wider the bandwidth you need for quality and speedy transmission. Still others deliver higher capacity for downloading than for uploading data. There is a whole portfolio of DSL technologies coming on stream to match user needs at home and at work. The new millennium is about to put a completely new dimension into those telephone lines we have all come to take for granted. Already there are towns and cities around the globe which really are wired for speed with DSL. There are even whole countries which are DSL-ed - like Singapore where ADSL on the phone lines have been given the capacity to deliver video on demand. Here are the basic requirements for a high speed Internet access technology that makes sense for consumers: ...

Mandarin Oriental Group Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mandarin Oriental Group Case Study - Essay Example Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group (MOHG) is renowned operator and owner of luxurious resorts, hotels, and residences in major cities across the globe. Hotels, properties, and residences of the group are known for their unique value proposition, style, design, and architecture (Mandarin Oriental, 2014a). Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group (MOHG) started its operation as independent property in Hong Kong in 1963. It took another 11 years to form the group as hotel Management Company. In 1974, MOHG established the partnership with The Oriental which was legendary property makers and hotel owners. Such brand expansion has helped the group to expand its presence to Bangkok through The Oriental. In 1985, MOHG and The Oriental merged into a common business of Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group (Mandarin Oriental, 2014b). Since 1990’s, the group has established its presence in 25 countries and product portfolio included 45 fully operated or under construction hotels and 11,000 rooms. In Asia, the c ompany has opened 20 hotels while in The Americas; MOHG has opened 11 hotels and in Europe, the luxury hotel group has opened another 10 hotels (Mandarin Oriental, 2014b). Mission Statement: â€Å"Our mission is to completely delight and satisfy our guests. We are committed to making a difference every day; continually getting better to keep us the best† (Mandarin Oriental, 2014c). It is evident from the mission statement that the company focuses more on providing customer value blended with premium quality service, delighting guests, exotic experience offering, luxury positioning etc rather focusing benefits of low-cost services. Therefore, it is clear from the mission statement that the MOHG targets niche segment of customers who are ready to pay extra bucks to afford premium quality services. Current Objectives: Business principles and operational activities of MOHG is being driven variety of objectives and the objectives can be stated in the following manner.

Lemons and Peaches The impact of Asymmetrical Information on Essay

Lemons and Peaches The impact of Asymmetrical Information on Healthcare in the NHS and how this can be addressed through the National Insurance System - Essay Example er David Akerlof illustrated this situation elaborately in his famous work â€Å"The Market for Lemon† where he termed this situation as asymmetric information. He discussed this problem in the context of a used car market. He regarded the good car as peach and the bad cars as lemon. Akerlof argued that in a used car market a seller uses to have more information regarding the quality of a used car, i.e. the seller knows more accurately whether the car that he is selling is a peach or a lemon. But the buyer, on the other hand, uses to be in a more disadvantaged state as he posses less information regarding whether the car that he wants to buy is a peach or a lemon and hence the buyer can only make a guess whether the car would provide good service. (Akerlof, 1970; Arrow, 1963) Information asymmetry problem is not a problem of any particular market. In fact, most of the markets face this kind of informational problem, although degree of this problem differs from market to market. Typically when there exists information asymmetry problem in any market, it is mainly the sellers who possess more information about the product than the buyers during the process of transaction; however, in some cases the reverse can also take place. Health care system is not an exception and it also faces severe information asymmetry problem. Information asymmetry is present in the market of health care as well as in the market of health insurance. It would be quite interesting to look at the nature of information asymmetry in health care sector and how this problem can be dealt with to avoid any kind of market failure. (Arrow, 1963; Blomqvist and Leger, 2003) In the national health care system of any country, the relationship between physician and patients is regarded as the key relationship that the health care market has to deal with. In the presence of information asymmetry there exists a gap between the patients and the medical service providers regarding the price of the product as

Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Effective Communication Essay Effective communication is the backbone of any business organisation. Discuss. Communication can be defined as a two way process of reaching mutual understanding in which participants not only exchange(encode and decode) information but also create and share meaning. Effective communication is whereby the information send must be received and understood by the receiver in the way intended by the sender and the receiver has to send feedback to confirm the results. Managerial time is largely spent on face to face, electronic or telephone communication with subordinates, supervisors and customers. Views of organizational communication can be categorized as those that view organizational communication as one aspect of an organization versus those that see it as the underlying basis of the organization itself. An example of the former is exemplified by Drenth et al. 1998), who define communication as the sending and receiving of messages by means of symbols and see organizational communication as a key element of organizational climate. The latter viewpoint is reflected by Myers and Myers (1982:34) who define organizational communication as â€Å"the central binding force that permits coordination among people and thus allows for organized Behaviour,† and Rogers and Rogers (1976:3) who argue that â€Å"the behaviour of individuals in organizations is best understood from a communication point of view. The success of the organization greatly depends on the effectiveness of organizational communication, hence to a larger extent, communication can be regarded as the backbone of every business organization and therefore communication needs to be effective and also this is the reason why effective communication skills form vital part of a job requirement, are prerequisite for promotion to higher positions and are essential to all problem solving since they ignite enthusiasm, enhance motivation and hone traits of leadership. The success of an endeavour hinges on the ability to communicate effectively in todays fast paced life, everyone is asked to do more with less. In such a scenario effective communication holds the key. Effectively communication centres round the usage of words, speed of delivery of words, pitch modulation and body language. Using the right tools to communicate the right messages at the right time can salvage crises and motivate people to work towards success. Communication in an organization is inevitable. Departments communicate from time to time in respect to daily activities and the organizations relationship with the external world. It says what it intended via written and unwritten means, either planned or impromptu. It could be hierarchical, that is, from top to bottom or vice versa. It could be formal or informal; vertical, horizontal or diagonal. Whichever means, modes or types of communication, what matters is that communication takes place. At a most basic level, good communication is necessary to be able to follow instructions and to carry out roles. If a member of staff misunderstands what it is that they need to do and the basic functions and roles of the management could not be performed without communication. Planning, organizing, coordinating, budgeting, monitoring, controlling, staffing, delegation; and including marketing, production, financing, staffing (human resource managing), research and development, purchasing, and selling could not be well coordinated, harnessed and their goals achieved without communication Effective communication strengthens the organization’s existing relationships and helps the subordinates to form strong positive bonds in future interactions. In essence through communicating subordinates and management get to agree on certain specific performance standards to control and guide activity towards the attainment of the organization’s overall objectives. If there is poor communication, there lacks uniformity between the required performance and actual performance therefore if communication improves relationships, misunderstandings are reduced. Effective communication is related to self confidence therefore if the organization has in place proper channels of communication subordinates are motivated in the sense that they get feedback for information that would have been passed. If subordinates are given room to respond to instructions in any way, that is, by asking questions or even suggestive questions, it shows to them that they are involved as part of the organization and the sense of belongingness motivates employees. Motivated employees are productive, so in essence one can say effective communication motivates employees hence increases productivity of workers as it even facilitates delegation of duties, reducing overlapping responsibility and work overload. Finally communication increases job satisfaction. Communication facilitates decision making, if two directional communication is used, lower level managers getting a chance to be heard by top management with their work needs being met, proper organizational decisions can be made. Operational managers and their subordinates are believed to have a closer contact with customers and clients, therefore they know better what the customers need at a specific time and the proper decisions are made as to what should the organization do to meet the demands of the consumers(delivering the right merchandise to the right people at he right time and place). Communication also increases participation, that is, if a goal is communicated throughout the organization, the subordinates with the aim of achieving self esteem would want to participate in the attainment of the desired outcome motivated by the rewards they expect from participation, effort and performance(Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory). Production of defects is also reduced by effective communication. Subordinates usually work under instruction, that is, there should however be proper clarification on what really needs to be produced, boiled or roasted chicken. If there are no proper channels of communication, producers end up producing the products that are not required. Effective communication also facilitates coordination between individuals and departments within an organization (production department and the marketing team or the research and development department). Communication reduces and resolves conflicts, for instance resource allocation conflicts, the marketing department and the production department need to communicate well on how the finance department has allocated financial resources for their purposes, failure to communicate results in departmental conflicts. However it is through communication that both individual conflicts and departmental conflicts can be resolved. Leaders should create open communication and state clearly what they could have seen that, heard or experienced that would have influenced their views in the matter at hand as conflict often arises from misunderstanding and misconceptions of what people meant. Everyone allowed should then be allowed to say what is important to them (communicate openly) why is it important and what they are hoping for. Effective communication gives the subordinates the ability to express new ideas and therefore policies and standards can be easily formulated and monitored. For organizations that use budgeting as a planning tool, communication is needed in the process of formulating budgets since the process involves individuals from all departments (functions) to participate in the formulation of functional budgets. Communication helps ensure uniformity and timing of the budgets hence proper allocation of financial resources. Open communication increases trust among subordinates, that is, they will have shared agendas and objectives are revealed to everyone. Open communication is therefore preferable since the parties involved can scrutinize the message fro hidden agendas and meanings without trying to understand the message itself, hence creates supportive climates for subordinates, team building and team work and coordination. Managers use downward communication to direct, inform, coordinate and evaluate subordinates and also to provide job descriptions, rules and policies as well as procedures to the subordinates and the subordinates use upward communication to supply information to the upper levels about what is happening at the lower levels and this comes in form of questions feedback and suggestions. However in the process of communicating, the parties involved encounter certain barriers that may haunt communication, these may include differing perceptions, language, noise inconsistent verbal and non-verbal communication, emotionality, information overload, filtering of information and increased specialization as in lateral communication. Differing perceptions, that is when the receiver often sees or hears information depending on his/her needs, motivations, experience and background. Language refers to the words used, words mean different things to different people for example the term ‘short term’ in the research and development would mean six to nine years while in the hotel industry the period may range from four to six months. Language difference may also come in the form of jargon. Non-verbal communication is often accompanied by oral communication for example showing anger in the tone of the voice. Emotional reactions such as anger, jealous, hate and fear influence how we understand others’ messages. Information overload occurs when the information received exceeds the capabilities of the human information system, that is, when the subordinate is overloaded with reports, manuals, letters, memos, which he/she has to go through within a limited time as a result the subordinate will ignore some of the things or there will be delay on his part which will hinder communication within the organization. Information can be shortened or lengthened such that at the end the original information can be distorted. To sum up one can say that regardless of the above mentioned shortcomings communication remains the backbone of any organization since there are certain measures that can be put in place to overcome the barriers, some of which are that parties involved should carefully understand the background of each other and thoroughly explain the message, emphasizing and seeing the situation from the other person’s point of view to remove ambiguity in messages. Using simple language and ask for feedback, confirming and restating the main points of the message. Gestures, postures and facial expressions and other non-verbal communication should agree with the message. Subordinates should talk about their concerns and should pay special attention to what they say. Organizations can also introduce casual recreational activities so that managers can meet their subordinates on an informal basis for example organizing a sports day where organizational problems can be discussed on an informal basis. In general, removing communication in an organization, we are going to have dead entity, good for nothing and worth been shut down. Communication is the backbone for organizations success since it increases the will to work, skill to work, and thrill to work.

Analysis of the Sabbath in Judaism and Christianity Essay -- Papers

In both Judaism and Christianity, the Sabbath is a religious day of worship. Jewish people celebrate it on a Saturday and Christians celebrate it on a Sunday. It is a day of rest and worship. Christians celebrate it on a Sunday because that Is the day of the resurrection (Easter Sunday). Jesus was Jewish. He was a good Jew. Jesus worshiped in the synagogue on the Sabbath, but he used to come into conflict with the Pharisees, Jewish religious leaders, over many religious laws and customs. He told them that he thought they were using the laws to their own power and that they did not explain to the Jewish people the meanings of these laws. The Pharisees were the Jewish religious leaders. They were concerned to uphold in every detail the Jewish religious laws including those of the Sabbath. Jesus came into conflict with them many times, they saw Jesus as a threat. Jesus came into conflict with Pharisees` many times about the Sabbath. In Mark 1:21-31 (a man with an evil spirit). Jesus and the disciples went to Capernaum. On the Sabbath Jesus went to the synagogue to teach. People were amazed by the way he taught, â€Å"he taught with authority† they remarked. A man with an evil spirit came n, Jesus ordered the spirit â€Å"Be quiet, and come out of the man!† The spirit then came out of the man. People were amazed and the news spread quickly. The Pharisees wouldn’t agree with this being done on the Sabbath because it is a kind of work, but Jesus does agree with it because it is a good deed and helps another which is also considered as necessary work. In Mark 2:23-28 (the question about the Sabbath). Jesus and the disciple... ...nd Mary Magdalene went to go and anoint the body of Jesus. At sunrise early Sunday morning they went to the tomb. They went on the day after the Sabbath because it against the law of the Sabbath to anoint the body on the day of the Sabbath. We know that Jesus was a good Jew, because on many occasions mentioned in the Gospels he is in the synagogue, teaching and praying. We also know that Christ read the scriptures and taught in the synagogue on the Sabbath. He also healed people on the Sabbath. Different Christian denominations focus on different things that they believe are most important. You have the Pulpit based worship which the Methodists, church of Scotland and United Reformed Quakers use. Eucharist based which Catholics and Church of England focus on. Lastly the Good works based which Salvation army focus on.

Battle of Frediericksburg Analysis

The Battle of Fredericksburg David P. Wrighten, CPT, MS Class 09-002 Small Group 6, MAJ Sims 03 April 2009 Abstract In early December 1862, the Union Army of the Potomac had massed on the northern bank of the Rappahannock River as it was in position to strike the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. The Union also position themselves to cut off the Confederate Army’s main supply route for the import and export of goods in the south. The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia confronted the Union Army’s attempted strike on the south side of the Rappahannock by occupying the high ground overlooking the riverside town of Fredericksburg. Caught between the two opposing armies, Fredericksburg was destined to the battleground for a bloody prelude of major battles between the Union and Confederate armies in the open fields of the south. The Battle of Fredericksburg Introduction The Battle of Fredericksburg occurred on 11 December 1862 on the banks of the Rappahannock River near the small town of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Pitting three divisions of the Union Forces commanded by MG Edwin V. Sumner, MG Joseph Hooker, and MG William B. Franklin, approximately 120,000 Soldiers against the two Confederate Forces Corps of Northern Virginia commanded by LTG James Longstreet and LTG Thomas L. Jackson approximately 90,000 Soldiers. This battle emphasized the effective use of Weather, Maneuver, Observation Fields of Fire, Cover, and concealment, Obstacles, Key Terrain, and Avenues of Approach. The use of the Battlefield Operating Systems was instrumental in the success of the mission. The primary source used to gather information was, Decisive Battles of the Civil War: the Battle of Fredericksburg by LT. COL. Joseph B. MitchellDrama on the Rappahannock: the Fredericksburg Campaign by Edward J. Stackpole. Secondary sources used were The Battle of Fredericksburg a Special Edition of: Civil War Times by Edward J. Stackpole and Guide to the Battles of Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg by Jay Luvaas and Harold W. Nelson. Strategic Setting Fredericksburg, Virginia during the 1860s had developed into a family oriented community. This town happened to be the farthest point to navigate up the Rappahannock River. It was a very important site for trading for imported and exported goods. However, the larger, newer sailing vessels had difficulties in navigating the Rappahannock, which greatly hinder the international trade with other less modern customers of trade. This allowed members of Fredericksburg to live a more normal or less congested big city lifestyle. Militarily, this river is important for resupplying Soldiers critical supplies in order to fight effectively. The town of Fredericksburg changed hands many times throughout the war. Being located so closely to Richmond and Washington, it can greatly assist or resist in a potential attack on Richmond or Washington. In addition, this town could act as a staging area prior to launching an attack on the nation’s capital. Furthermore, four major battles fought within a seventeen-mile radius of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The major encounter during the Battle of Fredericksburg took place in Virginia. MG Ambrose Burnside’s Federal Army of the Potomac tried to countermine Gen Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia and capture Richmond. However, this would be a difficult task, since the Confederates were deeply entrenched into a defensive position west of town. Tactical Situation 1. Mission: Gen Burnside’s was to cross the Rappahannock River and seize the heights behind Fredericksburg, Virginia before Gen Lee’s army arrived. After seizing the town of Fredericksburg, the Army of the Potomac would then advance south to Richmond. In order to cross the Rappahannock Burnside had to build multiple bridges; for this purpose, support elements sent pontoon bridge equipment to Fredericksburg. The Union Forces arrived to the northern banks of the Rappahannock; there were no Confederate Forces in sight. It ould seem as if the advantage would be on the side of the Union Forces. 2. Equipment: Gen Hunt deployed riflemen to provide covering fire for the engineers at each end of the three construction points. He also possessed 147 artillery pieces to serve as the main deterrent to the Confederate Forces opposing the Union effort and accommodate a moderate logistics train. His ammo and other classes of supply were plentiful but the distance wou ld slowly cause these resources to erode. The Confederates had sufficient food and water, but other classes of supply were scarce, particularly their ammo. Many carried hunting rifles and shotguns of varying caliber. The Union Forces had a clear advantage. 3. Terrain: The city and its environs along the Rappahannock River in north-central Virginia were significant obstacles to Union advances on Richmond, the Confederate capital. The battlefield consists of a series of flood plains and river terraces with gentle slopes paralleled by north-south ridges that provide structural boundaries on either side, all comprised of Tertiary and Quaternary Coastal Plain sediments. The Confederates, led by Gen Robert E. Lee, effectively used natural terrain features to impede attacks made by the Union army. Tactical benefits also accrued by the Confederates from manufactured obstacles on the battlefield, e. g. , stone walls and fences. After crossing the Rappahannock River, the Union Army, had to attack uphill with little cover in their unsuccessful attempts to dislodge the Confederates. This gave the Confederate Forces the advantage against the Union strike. 4. Troops: Strategically the Union Forces had the advantage with the number of troops under Gen Burnsides command at nearly 120,000. The Confederate Forces had the advantage as having set up their defensive positions and direct access through their supply routes to their headquarters in Richmond, Virginia. The Confederate Forces did lack military training in the ranks as well as standard issue items that would help in the success of their campaign. The Union Forces had a clear advantage as far as personnel, but Confederate Forces had an advantage for their ability to resupply the units. 5. Time: This historic Fredericksburg Campaign planned and executed over a two-month period in November – December of 1862. This was during an extremely cold and harsh winter season. It reduced both the Union and Confederate forces from quiet movements, clear line of sight during pre-dawn hours (fog on the river), heavy snowfall, which restricted movements, thick terrain made of oak, maple, cedar, and highly thick entangled brush cause limited mobility, counter mobility and reduced eyes on the enemy. Therefore, even though the weather did not favor either side, it did not kept tactical goals of either side from being established. The Battle After, the Battle of Bull Run both armies devoted the second half of 1861 and part of 1862 to make serious adjustments for more important battles to come. Procurement of supplies, training, recruiting new soldiers, and other military activities was the primary training mission of both armies. Neither force was in any particular hurry to conduct an offensive operation. An impatient President waited in the White House to see how his popular commanding officer will retrain and utilize his powerful forces. Gen McClellan moved his forces in March 1862, via water, to the Virginia Peninsula between the York and James Rivers. The intent of this move was to take Richmond, Virginia. However, Johnston countered this plan by moving his Confederate soldiers overland in the same direction. Therefore, Gen Mc McClellan staged his troops at Fort Monroe. At the same time, Stonewall Jackson began his Shenandoah Valley Campaign, wounded in battle General Johnston was succeed by Robert E. Lee. On Oct. 6, the President instructed Gen McClellan to â€Å"cross the Potomac and give battle to the enemy, or drive him South. Your army must now move,† â€Å"he said, â€Å"while the roads are good. † Twenty-four days spent in correspondence before Gen McClellan obeyed the order of the president. Gen McClellan complained of a lack of men and supplies to make it prudent to move forward. At length, October had nearly passed by and Gen Lee’s army thoroughly rested and reorganized, and communications with Richmond re-established, the Army of the Potomac began to cross the river (Oct. 26), 100,000 strong. The Nationals led down the east side of the Blue Ridge, but failed to strike the retreating Confederates over the mountain in flank or to get ahead of them; and Gen Lee pushed Gen Longstreet’s troops over the Blue Ridge to Culpeper Courthouse, between the Army of the Potomac and Richmond, ready to dispute the advance of the Nationals. Quick and energetic movements were now necessary to sever and defeat, in detail, Gen Lee’s army. (See Map 1) On Nov. 75, the President relieved Gen McClellan of command, and Gen Burnside took command of the Corps. A sense of responsibility made the latter commander exceedingly cautious. Before he moved, he endeavored to get his 120,000 men well in hand. Gen Burnside determined Aquia Creek Landing as his resupply hub and main base for his assault. His overall decision was to, and he moved the army towards Fredericksburg down the Fredericksburg Route towards Fredericksburg. The allowed his forces to cover Washington and assure better protection of his lines of resupply and communication. Oon Nov. 150 Gen. Sumner led the movement from Warrenton down the left bank of the Rappahannock and covered almost 40 miles in two and one-half days to Falmouth. By November 21, Gen Longstreet's Corps had arrived near Fredericksburg, and Gen Jackson's (which had been downstream along the Rappahannock to prevent crossings there) was following rapidly. Gen Lee at first anticipated that he would fight Gen Burnside northwest of Fredericksburg and that it might be necessary to drop back behind the North Anna River. However, when he saw how slowly Gen Burnside was moving, he directed all of his army toward Fredericksburg. The first pontoon bridges arrived at Falmouth on November 25, much too late to enable the Army of the Potomac to cross the river without opposition. Gen Burnside still had an opportunity, however, because he was facing only half of Gen Lee's army, not yet dug in, and if he acted quickly, he might be able to attack Longstreet and defeat him before Jackson arrived. Once again, he squandered his opportunity. The bridges arrived at the end of the month, and by this time, Gen Jackson was present and Gen Longstreet was preparing strong defenses. Gen Burnside originally plannedplanned to use Gen McClellan’s original plan of to crossing his army east of Fredericksburg; 10 miles (16 km) downstream at Skinker's Neck, but Early's division arrived there and blocked him. Therefore,So he Gen Burnside decided to cross directly at Fredericksburg. On December 9, he wrote to Halleck, â€Å"I think now the enemy will be more surprised by a crossing immediately in our front than any other part of the river. †¦ I'm convinced that a large force of the enemy is now concentrated at Port Royal, its left resting on Fredericksburg, which we hope to turn. † In addition to, his numerical advantage in troop strength, Gen Burnside also had the advantage of knowing his army could not be attacked effectively. On the other side of the Rappahannock, 220 artillery pieces had been located on the ridge known as Stafford Heights to prevent Gen Lee's army from mounting any major counterattacks. (See Map 1) On the morning of December 11, Union Engineers began the construction of six pontoon bridges in preparation for the passage of Union Forces across the Rappahannock River. Two placed north of the Town Center, a third on the southern end of town, and three further south near the confluence of the Rappahannock and Deep Run. During the assembly of the pontoon bridges, Union Engineers came under punishing fire from the Confederate Forces primarily from the sharpshooters of the Mississippi Brigade commanded by Gen Barksdale. Gen Burnside. tThen ordered his Union artillery batteries then to shelled the city. The artillery fire lasted for an hour in terrific bombardment in hopes to drive the Confederate sharpshooters out of their positions. The bombardment failed to dampen the spirits of Barksdale’s sharpshooters, as soon as the artillery fire ceased the musketeers popped out of the holes and resumed firing. Thus, the first attempt to cross the river was a failure due to the Confederates’ fires on federal engineers constructing pontoon bridges on the river. Gen Burnsides’ staff immediately began mission analysis on another plan to cross the river. Gen Hunt suggested the only solution to cross the river are volunteers to cross by ferry rowing in pontoons to secure the opposite side of the river a lay suppressive fire on Confederate sharpshooters to cover the bridge layers. Because of a lack in confidence on his part, Gen BurnsideIf he was confident and swift in issuing was slow in issuing his tactical instructions,instructions; the Union Army of the Potomac may have caught the Confederates unready to defend their positions properly. In addition to the failure of the first attempt to cross, there wasAdditionally, a decrease in morale of the Union ForcesArmy of the Potomac and their senior commandeleadershipr due to the hesitation of Gen Burnsides decisionstheir overall commander on not just one critical occasion but several occasions. Other occasions of indecisiveness and lack of initiative in dealing with the blunder of getting the pontoons transferred from Washington also attributed to the decrease in morale of not only the Leadership leadership but also the Soldiers. Furthermore, the inability of Burnside to consider the advice advice, from Gen Halleck, was trying to give on where to cross the river showed the lack of communication from the field commander to Washington Headquarters. The Chief Engineer of the Army ordered his engineers in the following format (Stackpole, p122): (These were the actual orders that were issued) Engineers will place two pontoons bridges to be constructed at the site of old pontoon bridge, one of them to have approaches for artillery. One pontoon bridge at site of old canal-boat bridge; approaches for artillery. Additionally, we will place two pontoon bridges just below mouth of Deep Run, a mile below Fredericksburg one to have artillery approach. Major Spaulding to throw three uppe r ones: major Magruder to throw the next, and Lieutenant Cross the lowest one. Bridge equipage, now at White Oak Church, to move up and go into park near Phillip’s house by dark. At midnight trains to move down within 400 yards of river, and to move down and begin unloading a two in the morning. If enemy fire is kept down, bridges to be thrown as soon as are unloaded; if too hot, wait until artillery silences it† The battle opened south of the city at 8:30 a. m. on December 13, when Maj. Gen. William Franklin ordered two of the divisions from the Left Grand Division to maneuver themselves through an unseen gap in Gen Jackson's defenses on the right and head towards Hamilton’s Crossing. By 10 a. m. , a thick fog began to lift, and the initially sluggish movements picked up speed. Gen Meade's division of 4,500 men formed the main attack, in direct support of Gen Meade’sthese movements the divisions of Gen Doubleday and Gen Gibbon. The Virginia Horse Artillery under Major John Pelham stalled the attack, and an artillery duel between Pelham and the Union artillery batteries lasted for approximately an hour. MAJ Pelham started his artillery attack with only two cannons—a 12-pounder Napoleon smoothbore and a rifled Blakely—but continued with only one after counter-battery fire disabled one of the cannons. Gen Lee observed the action and commented about Pelham, age 24, â€Å"It is glorious to see such courage in one so young. † As Meade finally made traction, he ran into Brig. Gen. Maxcy Gregg's brigade, scattering it. Gen Gregg was shot and mortally wounded; he died two days later. To Gen Meade's right, Gen Gibbon's attack against the brigades of Brig. Gen. William Dorsey Pender and Edward L. Thomas made good progress, but Gen Meade and Gen Gibbon men became separated; by 1:30 p. m. , a heavy Confederate counterattack pushed them back to the beachhead of the Rappahannock. Because of the foggy conditions, Federal artillery could not provide much assistance because of the inability to discern between Union and Confederate Forces. Driven back and chased by the Confederate infantry, raised some concerns with Gen Burnside, his divisions may be trapped at the river. The Federal line strengthened with addition of Brig. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles and Brig. Gen. David B. Birney divisions, and Stonewall Jackson's counterattack grounded to a halt. The focus of action moved north to Marye Heights. The initial assaults west of Fredericksburg began at 11 a. . as French's divisiontwo divisions from Gen Couch’s Corps, Gen French’s division and Gen Hancock’s division, moved along the Plank Road, facing a steep-banked drainage ditch and a wide, open plain of 400 yards (370 m), dominated by Confederate infantry and artillery behind a sunken road and stone wall. Earlier, artillerist Edward Porter Alexander, â€Å"A chicken could not live on that field w hen we open on it,† had assured Gen Longstreet. The Union men attacking had to file d into columns over two small bridges across the drainage ditch, making them a massed target. Attempts to shift the attack farther to the right failed because of swampy ground. As in the south, Union artillery was prevented by fog from effectively silencing the Confederate guns as from Stafford Heights Union guns were unable to reach the Confederate positions. Gen Burnside had anticipated this attack on the right would be merely supportive of his main effort on the left, but Franklin had stalled and resisted entreaties to continue, so Gen Burnside shifted his emphasis. After French's division was repulsed with heavy losses, Gen Burnside sent in the divisions of Gen Hancock and Gen Howard, which met a similar fate. By this time, Gen Pickett's division and one of Gen Hood's brigades had marched north to reinforce Marye Heights. Gen Griffin's division renewed the attack at 3:30 p. m. , followed by Gen Humphrey's division at 4 p. m. At dusk, Gen Getty's division assaulted from the east and was repulsed. Gen Burnside sent six Union Divisions in, virtually one brigade at a time, for sixteen individual charges, all of which failed, costing them from 6,000 to 8,000 casualties. Watching the carnage from the center of his line, a position now known as Lee's Hill, Gen Lee quoted as saying, â€Å"It is well that war is so terrible, or we should grow too fond of it. The action on the heights also included the charge of the Irish Brigade, which lost 50% of its strength in the battle but advanced further up the heights than any other Union Brigade. Confederate losses at Marye Heights totaled around 1,200. The falling of darkness and the pleas of Gen Burnside's subordinates were enough to put an end to the a ttacks. Gen Longstreet later wrote, â€Å"The charges had been desperate and bloody, but utterly hopeless. † Thousands of Union soldiers spent the cold December night on the fields leading to the Heights, unable to move or assist the wounded because of Confederate fire. The armies remained in position throughout the day on December 14, when Gen Burnside briefly considered leading his old IX Corps in one final attack on Marye Heights, but with the suggestions of many of his officers, he reconsidered and abandoned his campaign sending his troops to northern bank of the Rappahannock River. That afternoon, Burnside asked Lee for a truce to attend to his wounded, which Lee graciously granted. The next day the Federal forces retreated across the river, and the campaign ended. SIGNIFICANCE 1. Short Term: The Battle at Fredericksburg clearly showed how disastrous the Union Army Tactics were; President Abraham Lincoln relieved Gen Burnside of command a month after this battle. 2. Long Term: This was a major victory for the Army of Northern Virginia and costly to the Army of the Potomac. Many believe that Gen Lee lost his best chances to destroy the Gen Burnside’s forces at Fredericksburg. Overall, the loss broke the morale of the Army of the Potomac and showed a weakness in the indecisiveness and lack of imagination in part of Gen Burnside. ANALYSIS Gen Burnside failed to achieve the tenant of Initiative and his overall objective of destroying the enemy forces securing the town of Fredericksburg because he violated the Principle of Security and the Battle Operating System of Intelligence. The bulk of his forces fought to cross the river and very few were concerned with providing suppressive fire for the unit crossing. Gen Lee’s forces upon making contact with what he believed to be the enemies fleeing main force at Devil’s Swamp, he committed himself to battle without pausing to use his cavalry to reconnoiter the country. Gen Lee used his CCavalry Troops conducted rereconnaissancecon'd to the east and west of the Rappahannock marshy lowlandsRiver;, an action that gave him an extreme advantage into witnessing the movement of Gen Burnside's forceswhich might have permitted him to cross unmolested at a point up or downstream from the swamp. Thus, outflanking Culpepper and forcing him to withdraw without an opportunity to spring his cleverly crafted trap. The use of the terrain also gave Gen Lee a clear advantage as the Rappahannock River and extended entrenchments gave Gen Burnside’s forces great difficulty. For his part, Brigadier CulpepperGen Lee effectively adhered to the Principles of Maneuver, Mass, and Economy of Force. Through the Tenant of Synchronization, these factors combined to create the culminating Principle of Surprise. Outnumbered and outgunned, he realized that he could not achieve his objective of ascertaining Morgan’s Gen Burnside’s force and denying it control of the rail and road junction, as well as Yearlingvilletown of Fredericksburg, by engaging in a conventional battle on anything approaching even terms he used unconventional tactics to achieve his goal. He possessed a clear understanding of what he had to accomplish and how he had to do so. He Gen Lee employed Maneuver and Mass of critical combat power at the decisive time and place while making effective use of both the weak and strong points of the units he led. By marring Morgan in the swampsstalling Burnside’s movement across the river, he placed his enemy in a position of disadvantage. He shifted the battle to one where he positioned his massed combat power into a fixed enemy whose only option was to sink and die discontinue its efforts of seizing the town of Fredericksburg and retreat to the north side of the Rappahannock River. Culpepper Gen Lee exercised effective Synchronization and Economy of Force, deftly controlling the movements and fires of the disparate elements of his force in accordance with the elements of an intelligently conceived and workable plan of action in order to bring about the desired combat power at the decisive point. His employment of his cavalry, guerrillas, and militia reflected a thorough thought process of utilizing each element in ana precisely orchestrated maneuver exact orchestration to achieve the desired effect of ousting the Army of the Potomac from the town of Fredericksburg back to the northern banks of the Rappahannock River. uring Morgan’s troops into the killing field of overwhelming force. His exploitation of Union Forces weaknesses in decisive movement and execution of a sound plan display Gen Lee’s his Seminole scouts’ superior knowledge of critical terrain features while denying the enemy the opportunity to effectively reconnoiter the same gro und gave the critical element of Surprise once the battle was opened in accordance with the time, place and circumstances of his own choosing. Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991 P. 23 Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991 P. 121 Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991, P. 122 O'Reilly, Francis Augustin, The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock, Louisiana State University Press, 2003, P. 148 Goolrick, William K. and the Editors of Time-Life Books, Rebels Resurgent: Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville, Time-Life Books, 1985, P. 87 BIBLIOGRAPHY FM 3-0 Operations. Washington, D. C. : Headquarters Department of the Army, 2001. Goolrick, William K. Rebels Resurgent: Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville. Time-Life Books, 1985. Kennedy, Frances H. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990. Luvaas, Jay and Nelson, Harold W. The U. S. Army War College Guides to the Battles of Chancellorsville & Fredericksburg. Lawrence: the University Press of Kansas, 1994. Mitchell, Joseph B. Decisive Battles of the Civil War. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1955. O'Reilly, Francis Augustin. The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock. Louisiana State University Press, 2003. Palfrey, Francis W. The Army in the Civil War: The Antietam & Fredericksburg. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1885. Parish, Peter J. The American Civil War. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc, 1991. Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvannia: Stackpole Books, 1991.

Homosexuals and the Current Scenario of Egypt - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2308 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Contents Homosexuals and current Scenario of Egypt: International Human Rights and Social Justice for Homosexuals: Human Rights and Social Justice at Country Level: Violation of Country Law: History of Homosexuality in Egypt: Perpetrators of Homosexuality: Primary motivation orobjective of the violations: Consensus on the Crises and Compensation of the Victims: Gay and Lesbian Rights and International Community: LGBT rights in Egypt: Individual Case (Wissam Abyad Prosecution) Conclusion: Bibliography Homosexuals and current Scenario of Egypt: The Egyptian Government dealt homosexuals in cruel way for stopping the rising popularity of Religious activist groups such as Ikhwan-al-Muslimeen. Government of Egypt has used courts for holding and torture of Gay men (laceholder1). This policy of Government got wide support from the public and for this reason allowed the Rule to shore up its Islamic Qualifications (Menyawi, September 1, 2006). The situation of Ikhwan-al-Musleemeen is also considered that homosexuality is the violation of Islamic law. For this reason Ikhwan-al-Musleemeen supported the Government attacks on Gay men. Such Emergency courts which were previously used for the prosecution of the religious fundamentalists now these courts are using for detain and tortured of the gay men. That is why the destination of Religious fundamentalists and gay men are inseparably linked. It seems not plausible that the Ikhwan-al-Musleemeen make a strategically coalition with Gay Men. Ikhwan-al-Musleemeen should understand that th e government is manipulating their Homophobia and Government also prosecuted Fundamentalists. In the United States a narrative is used i.e. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“coming out from the closetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  for the LGBT but deploying this narrative in Egypt is an entirely different social and cultural environment from the United States would have significantly diverse and adverse consequences (MENYAWI). So by coming out with a homosexual identity, it is likely to construct a new group in the society which became minority. This group came however under close and careful examination by the Government. Egyptian Government has banished and subjugates this minority instead of embracing and providing support and empathy. It is evident in second public campaign against homosexuals, in which Government gathered about 62 apparently Gay Men and brought them at earth System Science Center (ESSC). The cops stood outside the ESSC and tease them and yelling at them by saying: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Look at them, faggots! This country is become full of faggots!à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the declaration of cops likely to infer something reality about these men. At the Appeals Court of Egypt in July 2003, Moà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢azer El-Marsafy, judge of the court disciplined the defendants by saying, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We are so offended by you and we cannot even glance at you. You did a very main Sin of Religion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Social scenario changes over time to time. Such culture which remain fixed, do not develop and grow must be go down because of their rigidity. The problem with the fundamentalist that they measure us with the same yard stick by which they are using for themselves or like such yard sticks which their forefathers told them about. Fundamentalist uses such interpretation of reality and pretends to us even more unknown, restricted and hostileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . (MÃÆ' ¡rquez, 8 December 1982) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“He stared me from up to down and said, are you a theist?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬   I was shocked; I do not have words to say something. I know, I have more ethical values, righteousness than that guy. I know how stronger my relationship with God about which he do not know. But according to him I am just a punished person or eviler than an accused person, a ghost, because I am homosexualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . (Amgad, 2004) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Homosexuals and the Current Scenario of Egypt" essay for you Create order (Amgad, 2004)International Human Rights and Social Justice for Homosexuals: Human Rights for homosexual have been expressed by Navi Pillay, High Commissioner for Human Rights and by Secretary General of United Nations, Ban Ki Moon (Association). A revolutionary speech by Secretary General in December 2010 delivered on LGBT equality in New York for calling an international legalization of homosexuality and takes other measures for handle the violence and the discrimination against LGBTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. According to him, since men and women are equal, we discard discrimination as a whole and particular discrimination centered on sexual orientation and sex identity. He said, it is not necessary to create new International laws or LGBT-specific Rights, for the protection of the LGBT people from violence and discrimination. It is the legal obligation of the state to safeguard the LGBT people like the other people living in the country. A state must follow the Human International Rights Law and they must be agreed on International human rights Treatise. Al l people who live in the state must enjoy the safety given by the International Human Rights Law regardless of sex and sexual orientation, gender identity, include respect of rights to life, security, privacy, free from torture, subjective arrest, freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association. The principal legal responsibilities of States to defending the Human Rights of LGBT include following duties: Prevention of folks from homophobic and transphobic forcefulness. Prevention of pain, hard, cruel, torture, heartless, inhuman and humiliating treatment. Cancelation of such laws which criminalize the homosexuality. Stop Discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. Freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association for all LGBT people. In 1945, The Charter of United Nations, States: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is states in the testament of United Nations there must be respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms for all without any discrimination and distinctionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Chapter I, Article 1, #3 In 1945, Universal Declaration of Hume Rights, narrates in Article # 02 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Every person in the world allowed to have all the basic rights and freedoms wrote in the declaration without the discrimination and distinction of any kindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Human Rights and Social Justice at Country Level: At the country level following questions must be addressed for the sake of Human Rights and Social Justice of LGBT people (Commision): Violation of Country Law: The constitution of Egypt does not allow the homosexuality and it is also in Islamic law and sharia is against the homosexuality. This law did not allow people to act in this way. According to Islam, man and woman are created for each other so the homosexuality is against the natural laws. History of Homosexuality in Egypt: It found in that ancient Egypt also had some sort of homosexual activities around 2500 B.C. But it is probability that people did not deliberately involve in such activities. Sex orientation of anyone determines whether he/she homosexual or not. When people have implicit knowledge and they admit consciously about themselves whether he/she is homo then that person search for their partner in the society. Perpetrators of Homosexuality: In the Islamic state, it is sure that anyone who is homosexual is committing a crime. But in general or in in the western culture perspective, other people who perceived homosexual as the perpetrators are actually the criminals. Primary motivation orobjective of the violations: In the current scenario of Egypt, political unbalance in the state really causes the violations. The Government of Egypt is not stable enough to resolve such sort of issues so Government tried to solve this issue with help of religious fundamentalists and activists. The current situation of Egypt represents that the actual victims are the underprivileged homosexual people. Consensus on the Crises and Compensation of the Victims: The issue of homosexuality will not be resolve sufficiently until the political situation of Egypt get better. With the involvement of United Nations in the crises of Homosexuality, this crisis will end in the broader way, just like in United States. When the crises will end then there should be some steps for compensation i.e. give them rights to live safely in the society with equal human rights which all human beings are possessing. Gay and Lesbian Rights and International Community: Foreign Governments expressed a lot of concern about the oppression of Gays in Egypt. French President Jacques Chirac upraised fears about the behavior and attitude towards gays in Egypt. The European Parliament sentenced the attacks on these men, wanting their freedom from custody and the termination of all trails of the citizens on the bases of homosexuality. In the United States some adherents of Congress who belongs to the Democratic Party of the United States suggests a bill in the Congress for reusing any support with Egypt Free Trade Agreement due to the trail of Gays (International Communist league). This action of Democratic Party impression amid Egyptians that Gay Character and Gay Rights was an artifact of the West, which is not producing a good relationship among Gays and United States. The disapproval of the trails of the Gay men of the West shows that they are also Western. Sonia Katyal who is Associate Dean for Research points out: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Unexpected ly, the appearance of public, cooperative, gay identity in some portions of the world has become intensively nervous with allegations of cultural inauthenticity and corruption of west. The conflict of these diverse forces, I argued that it must be produced some sort of global and cultural crunch of sexual identity, with the help of these developments, the globalizing of gay rights dissertation and it is associated reaction is conspicuous for its chronological coincidenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Government of Egypt is changing the direction from their social and economic failures by arranging identity discourse of Gay Men. Egyptians were unconcerned, not much interested or ignorant suddenly look around themselves Gay People, in their own population. LGBT rights in Egypt: According to a report, about 10% to 12% of population of Egypt is homosexual and 95% of the Egyptians also believed that their sex orientation would not be accepted by the society in which they are living because they are not feeling in the same way as others in the society. In any enacted legislation or in any Egyptian Constitution, the Discrimination and aggravation of on the behalf of Sexual orientation and gender identity has not been expressly addressed in the Past. There is no politician or organization who talks about public support of LGBT rights. However it has been practiced to send the homosexuals in prison and mental institution to convert them into the normal gender or heterosexual. These activities are traditional in the Egypt culture. Cause behind the no political party or person addressing publically for the rights of LGBT is the religious fundamentalists and activists in the Egypt Government (Watch). Individual Case (Wissam Abyad Prosecution) Wissam Abyad was punished for 15 months in jail of Egypt on groundless charges of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Habitual Debaucheryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . That law is nebulous, a public morality law which is practiced in Egypt for criminalize the homosexuality. Wissam went to meet a man, who he has been communicating with, on the internet. That man was a government informant and he was being used against him at his trail. All the emails and communicating messages were exchanged by the Police of Cairo. Due to this physical evident Wissam was prosecuted for 15 months. His conviction was defended late on an appeal. Wissam came to the United States (wire) when released from the prison in Egypt last spring. He speaks out in contradiction of the human rights desecrations which are being dedicated against Gay Men in Egypt. Wissam also spoke in the support of Amnesty International Equality and Human rights Watch. A non-profit organization which propagates for equality in United States immigration Law for LGBT people, made a contact with Wissam. Wissam told that he might be able to obtain equality as the refugee in United States on the punishment he suffered because of his sexual orientation. Conclusion: Member of United States and United Nations has been working to discard and illegalization based on transphobia and homophobia whether the rejection of human rights for LGBT continue all over the world today. ABOUT 30 countries have been legalized the homosexuality in last 20 years. LGBT is attaining momentum by the efforts of UN and different NGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. It is no doubt by saying that United Nations making development toward the global presence of LGBT rights in the leadership of the Ban Ki Moon, Secretary General of United Nation. For the prosecution of homosexuals, Egypt is not only a single Muslim country. It has been happened across the Muslim world from Malaysia to Morocco. It is a big crime in Islamic Law, Sharia. The punishment of this offense is death in Iran, Pakistan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan. It is the amount of ubiquity of anti-Gay prejudice in such societies that there is no expression in Urdu, Arabic and Persian for homosexuality that is not sneering or derogatory. Bibliography The Egyptian Blogosphere: Policing Gender and Sexuality and the Consequences for Queer Emancipation. (2012). Grant Walsh-Haines; Journal of Middle East Womens Studies, 8(3), 41-62. Amgad. (2004). Human Rights Watch interview with Amgad. In a Time of Torture: The Assault on Justice in Egyptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Crackdown on Homosexual Conduct. Association, A. P. (n.d.). Are LGBT rights human rights? Recent developments at the United Nations. Retrieved from www.apa.org: https://www.apa.org/international/pi/2012/06/un-matters.aspx Commision, I. G. (n.d.). Magazines from LGBT Groups in North Africa Available Online. Retrieved from https://iglhrc.org/: https://iglhrc.org/content/magazines-lgbt-groups-north-africa-available-online International Communist league, F. I. (n.d.). Protest Anti-Gay Persecution in Egypt! Retrieved from https://www.icl-fi.org/: https://www.icl-fi.org/english/wv/archives/oldsite/2003/Egypt801.htm MÃÆ' ¡rquez, G. G. (8 December 1982). The Solitude of Latin America. Nobel Lecture, Oslo, Norway. MENYAWI, H. E. (n.d.). ACTIVISM FROM THE CLOSET: GAY RIGHTS STRATEGISING IN EGYPT. Menyawi, H. E. (September 1, 2006). Persecution of Homosexuals: The Egyptian Governments Trojan Horse against Religious Groups. Human Rights Brief, Volume 14, Issue 1, Fall 2006 . Rind, B. (1998). Biased Use of Cross-Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Male Homosexuality in Human Sexuality Textbooks. The Journal of Sex Research, 397-407. Watch, H. R. (n.d.). LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER RIGHTS. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/: https://www.hrw.org/topic/lgbt-rights wire, P. n. (n.d.). Former Amnesty International Prisoner of Conscience Wins Asylum in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/former-amnesty-international-prisoner-of-conscience-wins-asylum-in-the-united-states-73959027.html