End Of Conventional Oil As A Fuel Source - 1771 Words

End of Conventional Oil In our recent history, oil has been the driver of the global economy. The advance of modern industrial civilizations was facilitated by cheap and abundant energy in form of fossil fuels. At present, oil accounts for about 40% of the primary energy source and natural gas contributes 23%. This statistic shows how much the world is dependent on oil. The dependence on oil is majorly in the industrial, transportation, and agricultural sectors. The use of oil as a fuel source is seen to have increased by around 50% over the last century. The energy needs have been observed in the daily activities of industry, private life, and commerce. The supply of economical oil in the world is limited. Most of the easily†¦show more content†¦Approximately5-6 million people are employed by the global OG industry. A direct effect of the future oil crisis will be on the employment level globally. Rising unemployment will be a knock on effect of the collapse of this industry as many other support industries are dependent on this industry. Oil producing and exporting industries will take the major hit. All other countries of the world will also be hit hard due to our dependence on oil to run most of our industries. I expect the challenge of finding meaningful employment to be even greater for me in the engineering sector. Some of the engineers directly employed in the O G industry include civil engineers, petroleum engineers, mechanical engineers, chemical engineers, industrial engineers, analysts and traders, and oil drillers. The combination of rising unemployment and rising cost of living will lead to increased recession and higher poverty levels. A crisis in the oil industry eventually leads recessionary effects. Recessionary effect in turn lead to a vicious cycle of poverty, starvation, and bankruptcy. Agricultural industries are highly dependent on the cheap energy provided by crude oil. Lower agricultural productivity due to effects of the oil crisis and higher energ y costs will make food prices higher. The world may face more serious hunger and famine problems.We will observe effects of bankruptcy and poverty due to bad debtsShow MoreRelatedThe End Of Conventional Oil Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesEnd of Conventional Oil Don’t worry about replacing that luggage just yet! Air transportation will end in the near future if not enough advancements are made to eliminate the industry’s heavy reliance on oil consumption. It is estimated that conventional oil will only be accessible to us for the next 33 years (Dr. Oriet). As the supply diminishes, the price will continuously increase until it is unaffordable for most people and businesses. Although oil has been burned to generate energy since theRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : A New Era Of Consumption And Self Satisfaction1484 Words   |  6 Pageskinds of food from egg to mushrooms. However, it requires more fuel to power these modern society, foods, transports and clothing. Humans are becoming increasingly dependent on the fuel; once human beings run out of the fuel , which is called on this planet, it will be a completely different society. Human dependence on oil grows as the consumption has continued;however, according to scientists’ study, oil resources of the world will be end in years after having made such great impact on human beingsRead MoreNuclear vs. Petroleum (Energy)950 Words   |  4 PagesDillon G. Nuclear Energy vs. Conventional Petroleum Energy Through out the history of the United states the main source of energy has been conventional Oil, Coal, and gas energy, or better known as Conventional petroleum energy. However as the demand for electricity sky rockets the pollution produced from the traditional fossil fuel burning plants is reaching dangerous levels. Gas, coal and oil burning power plants are as of now responsible for half of America’s air pollution (tripod/online)Read Morejrj1066 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, the need for alternative energy sources greatly increases with every passing day. One of the main forms of alternative energy being pushed is biofuels. This is due to their decreased emissions in comparison to more conventional fuels such as diesel and gasoline. I will be covering many aspects in this paper that will highlight the benefits of biofuels, how it started and where it is predicted to be in the future. What is Biofuel? Biofuels are fuel sources that come from biological mass or plantRead MoreRenewable Energy : An Essential Function Of Protecting Humans1454 Words   |  6 PagesEvery day fossil fuels are heavily emitting greenhouse gases leading to the destruction of the ozone layer and limiting the ozone’s ability to perform an essential function of protecting humans from deadly UV rays. Many ideas for solutions are being researched to help prevent these emissions, but the most promising solution is going green and eliminating fossil fuels. Although conventional energy such as coal, gas, and crude oil are the most popular energy sources, renewable energy including solarRead MoreShould We Use Oil Everywhere? Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesto live, one resource that is not vital to our survival but almost as important to us as water is oil. Oil can be found in our everyday lives, not just in our gasoline, diesel fuel or petroleum it can be found everywhere in things like your toothbrush, ou r computers and much more. The fact that we use oil everywhere is a large issue because the oil in the world is running out. Conventional oil, oil which is produced from general drilling techniques is being depleted fast, faster than we can adaptRead MoreThe Human Race : A Source Of Energy1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe human race has relied on finite resources as a source of energy since their beginning as a race on the Earth. While humans have used resources such as food in order to provide their bodies with the essential energy they need in order to survive, these sources are relatively much less finite than that of other human resources. This is because human beings are able to grow and produce their own food as they please. Sources of energy such as water on the other hand, which are relatively less finiteRead MoreBio-Fuels Are Better than Fossil Fuels1336 Words   |  6 PagesFossil fuel plays leading role in upsetting environmental, economical and climate protection. Our eart h is at catastrophic risk by the exploitation of fossil fuels. Therefore, pressure is on to find viable alternatives for energy to bring a stable, safe and clean revolution. In that case, bio-fuels make an attractive alternative for energy than fossil fuels. Various provocative questions need discussion that what are the attractive differences between both the fuels? Why fossil fuel dependence isRead MoreOil Is A Finite Resource1320 Words   |  6 PagesOil is a finite resource that is ever diminishing in quantity. In coming years, it will become very scarce and hard to find. While everyone is starting to find solutions to compensate for the imminent forgoing of oil, such as car industries being one of the main ones as they use oil to run their machines mostly, it will be a while before oil can be replaced completely by other things. Even with said replacements, functions that used to be handled by oil will be diverse and complex in nature suchRead MoreIntroduction: Since ancient times, human had two types of energy. The two types are conventional1100 Words   |  5 Pagesancient times, human had two types of energy. The two types are conventional energy and renewable energy. At that times with the available knowledge which guided human to use solar, wind and water energy which are named as renewable energy. Renewable energy defined as the energy which produced daily from nature itself without any direct cause by humans or life creatures. The second type of energy is the non-renewable or the conventional type which is the energy kind which cannot be recreated and it

Holistic Approach Of The Nutrition Program Essay - 923 Words

â€Å"The Lord hath created medicines out of the earth; and he that is wise will not abhor them† (Ecclesiasticus 38:4). This is one of my favorite bible quotes which summarizes my feelings (views?) about maintaining a healthy lifestyle, using food as medicine and balancing good nutrition. Throughout my life I made poor choices pertaining to my nutrition in part by cultural experiences and my personal lack of awareness. One of my biggest challenges growing up was digestive related in which, I have struggled with constipation most of my life. As I did my research in food science, I realized that much of what I ate had a direct effect on my digestive problems. Once I changed my diet, over the course of time, my digestive issues ceased. As a result of my personal experience, I gained wisdom regarding the importance of good nutrition. I am interested in the Masters of Science in Nutrition and Integrative Health program offered at Maryland University Integrative Health. The unique holistic approach of the nutrition program is an aspect that I am very passionate about. I believe nutrition is a vital part of one’s well-being, and it plays an integral part in one’s overall longevity. In this essay, I will share with my interests in maintaining a healthy nutritious lifestyle, my long term goals both personally and professionally, and how an opportunity to obtain my masters in this program will fulfill my aspirations. One of my greatest accomplishments was successfullyShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Usda Revisions On Food Packages On Nutritional Behavior And Obesity Among Children870 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In this article, the main objective was to observe the impact of USDA revisions on its Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) concerning food packages on nutritional behavior and obesity among children who are 0- to 4-years old mostly residing at the New York State (NYS) WIC program. In January 2009, the NYS was the first to implement such revisions thereby adding fruits, whole grains, and vegetables to the diet. Whole milk was replaced with lowRead MoreExperience the Body-Mind Connection for Functional Wellness!! Therapist Dr. Rama Reddy Jaggavarapu,1100 Words   |  5 PagesRama Reddy Jaggavarapu, Ph.D. is an Indian human scientist. His innovative life’s work on mind-body connection places him millennia in front of the medical institution. His bestselling book, ‘Doctor of Mind’ is a simple read for any who wants to approach life in unique effective way. Currently, he is a research instructor and committed in educating each client and groups on mind-body-spirit amalgamation skills. Dr. Rama Reddy takes us on a grand tour through his book with creating awareness aboutRead MoreOverview of Dr Perricones Holistic Approach to Skincare637 Words   |  3 PagesIn todays world, there is a large amount of emphasis on physical beauty, youth, and how to stay younger for longer. Although many have condemned this as a particularly shallow approach to life, there is also an underlying concern for physical health, which is at the bottom of longevity and a concomitant better-looking physique. In deed, the longer a person can maintain a healthy lifestyle and a focus on self-care, the longer he or she tends to maintain a relatively youthful or at least healthy demeanorRead MorePrevention And The Prevention Of Cancer1451 Words   |  6 Pagesoffice followed by chemotherapy in an attempt to kill the now detectable cancer cells, then this article is not for you. If however, you would prefer to avoid cancer totally by preventing it before it starts, then please read on. When addressing nutrition and the prevention of cancer one of the hottest topics in this arena at this time are antioxidants. The primary reason that antioxidants have received increasing attention is based on the very nature of cancer cells themselves, how they are startedRead More The Working Poor in America Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesa web of assistance. They need to access a variety of services from a single point of entry, including nutrition, housing, education, job or parenting skills, or other services. While todays fragmented, top-down programs attempt to address poverty in a piecemeal fashion, government and society must provide a holistic approach to be successful. Shipler illustrates this holistic approach through the efforts of Dr. Barry Zuckerman at the Boston Medical Center, who added attorneys to his pediatricsRead MoreThe National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation1407 Words   |  6 Pagestheir own relationships, protocols and procedures. NACCHO represents local Aboriginal community control at a national level. By making sure that Aboriginal people have greater right of entry to valuable health care within Australia. A coordinated holistic response is provided by NACCHO from the community sector. Therefore, it is promoting for culturally respectful and approaches to needs requirement. This shows the improvement in health and wellbeing through ACCHSs with better outcome. AIM NACCHORead MoreEnd Of Unit Assessment : Assessment1306 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent assessment standards for physical education is hindering our student development in the physical education program. With these assessments, and other adjustment within the physical education program. The students will be better informed about their health, fitness, and wellness. â€Æ' Question # 2 Intro The first step that I would like to change within the physical education program is the negative stigma physical education has received. I feel rebranding the name, the department, and the curriculumRead MoreApproach to Cancer Care1017 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Approach to Care of Cancer To attain an effect approach to care of cancer there need for a holistic approach on the benefits to the patient. In the year 2010, the number of new cases of cancer was estimated to at 1.52 million cases with close to 570,000 of these people expected to die. This marks a 68% improvement compared to the initial survival rate of five years upon diagnosis. Associated costs in cancer treatment are on the rise. In the United States, costs amount to $263.8 billion whereRead MoreAlternative Forms Of Medicine For Breast Cancer Rates775 Words   |  4 PagesHershman, D., 2014). In recent years, many women have sought out proactive options, in addition to conventional therapies, in an attempt to improve their prognosis (Greenlee et al., 2009). Breast cancer patients and survivors are exploring the use of holistic options, often referred to as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) (Hà ¼bner Hanf, 2013). The use and popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is growing throughout the United States today. The National Center for ComplementaryRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Love For Nutrition1621 Words   |  7 PagesMy love for nutrition began five years ago after I graduated with my first bachelor’s degree in fashion design. During college, I surpassed the dreaded freshman fifteen and gained a significant amount of weight. I decided to take a break after graduation and invested my free time in improving my well-being. I was inspired to turn over a new leaf and transitioned to a healthier lifestyle, after witnessing a major transformation in my father’s life after he was diagnosed as pre-diabetic. With great

Sport Management Football Federation Australia

Question: Discuss about the Sport Managementfor Football Federation Australia. Answer: Introduction The football federation Australia (FFA) is a governing body for football in Australia and they are a member of the International de football association (FIFA), the international principal body for the game football. The FFA was founded in the year 1961 and it has its headquarter in Sydney. They got the affiliation from FIFA in the year 1963 and affiliation from AFC during 2006. FFA has been chosen for this assignment as their long-term objective is to establish football as the most popular and largest sport in Australia and their core strategies are structured around the business operations of (1) football community (2) Elite development for players and national teams (3) competitors and A-League (FFA Home, 2017). Programs under Football Federation Australia: FFA in partnership along with the members of the federation, Westfield W-league clubs and Hyundai A-league offers school children across Australia, quality experience in football through various programs of sporting school. Further they have a partnership with Australian Sports Commission (ASC) for delivering $160 million from Australian government for taking initiatives to involve more children in sports. As the footballs national organization for football, they offer various quality programs to the children to encourage them for taking part in the sport of football. As part of the schools sport program they are closely working with the Westfield W-League clubs and Hyundai A-League to introduce the girls and boys aged between 5 years and 12 years with the fundamental skills along with wide range of fun and various activities related with game (Fairley et al., 2016). Success Stories of FFA: Since the first football match that took place in August 1990 in Sydney, people from all over Australia started involving in the game of football as volunteers, referees, administrators, coaches and players in the media. They celebrated the legends from hall of fame including the people from behind the game in football. The A-league is an example of phenomenal growth and their growth rate over the last two years is a real story of success. The Football and A-League has achieved a very high position by taking the television rights started from considerably low base and at present they are in the midway of the deal that is valued around $ 40 million. Moreover, they have more than 10 teams under their position and they are expecting to involve more teams under them for further expansion. Fox Sports has played an important role in achieving their success. Their style of coverage through camera was really a unique way. Despite of various challenges, football in Australia is considered at the number two place in each state of Australia and encouraging the statistics of FFA. Their players have got various awards, for instance, Diego Kastro has got the Johnny warren Medal, Jamie Maclaren was awarded with NAB Young Footballer of the year, Thomas Sorensen has got the award of Goalkeeper of the year, Bruno Fornaroli was awarded with the Nke Golden Boot award, Roy ODoniovan got the award of Goal of the year, Guillermo Amor awarded with Coach of the Year, Jarred Gillett awarded with Referee of the year and Brisbane Roar with the Fair Play Award (Georgakis Molloy, 2016). Challenges: Various challenges that are faced by the FFA are that the urbanisation and population are rapidly growing and it is expected that by 2035 there will be the population of 30 million. It is expected that after urbanisation the people from Australia will involve in football as per their own term and will not consider the traditional structures if the club. It is further expected that the game will be for both men and women and the club will have to arrange for matching the waves of indigenous population and migration from non-European nations (OConnor, Larkin Williams, 2017). Further, the government grants towards the football of Australia also reduced over the past years. In 2011, only $ 11,65,063 has been funded by the government. With the growing needs in football it is a major challenge to fulfil the requirements with the reduced grants from the government. Another major challenge they are facing that the misbehaviour among the player are increasing with time. They do not play the game just for passion any more, rather they want to play the game with their own conditions, requirements and structures (Andrews Itsiopoulos, 2016). Moreover, though there are anti-doping policies in the Australian football, some players are there who takes prohibited substance to improve their performance. For instance, Ryan Crowley aged 31 years played his 1st football game in 2002 and last game in 2005. He was tested positive eto a banned painkiller, named methadone that banned him from playing the game further. Another player, Ahmed Saad aged 25 years only tested posit ive in 2013 with the banned stimulant that he took with the energy drink just before the game (Stell Salisbury, 2015). Stakeholders Management in Media Relationship: There is a dedicated media for Australian football named as The Football Media Association (FMA), they are the specialist in professional group for the people involved in the football media. They closely work with the governing bodies of football, communities and professionals to assist them with the sports management as well as promoting the activities and events associated with the game. Their fans play an important role in their success. The fans and the members are placed in the centre of their strategic pillar while making any decisions (Hay, 2013). The target of the strategic pillar is to attract more fans and convert them in club fans and at the same time creating excitement and offer best experience to the fans of the sport. They further aim to deliver the marketable players with Australian mainstream. They had 13,16,021 viewers in total throughout the season and shown 20% increase in the average numbers of viewers in 2015-16 as compared to 2008-09 (Talpey et al., 2017). They are getting good support from the government regarding the FIFA world cup qualification and in holding the friendly matches in international level. Further the shareholder of the association has generated some profits in terms of equity as compared to the year 2015. In 2015, the stakeholders equity was $ 77,07,000 and in 2016 it increased to $ 73,20,000. Their winning pillar mainly focussed on the performance and development of the footballers. They further focussed on the development of successful future players from the Australian community (Australia, 2013). Conclusion: From the above discussion, it is concluded that the FFA oversees the youth, men and the women from Australia and encourage them to get involved in the game of football. The football in Australia has gained rapid interest in the field and the viewers play a crucial role in their success. Over the years, they were able to increase the numbers of viewers as well as number of teams for smooth operation. However, the increasing rate of misbehaviour in players, drop in grants from the government, increase in population are some of the challenges that are faced by the football federation Australia which are endangering their growth and sustainability. Reference: Andrews, M. C., Itsiopoulos, C. (2016). Room for Improvement in Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Intake of Male Football (Soccer) Players in Australia.International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism,26(1), 55-64. Australia, F. F. (2013). The national football curriculum: The roadmap to international success.Sydney, Australia: Football Federation Australia. Fairley, S., Lovegrove, H., Smith, N. L., Tyler, B. D. (2016). Scoring on and off the field?: The impact of Australia's inclusion in the Asian Football Confederation.Sport Management Review,19(5), 578-586. FFA Home. (2017). Football Federation Australia. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.footballaustralia.com.au/ Georgakis, S., Molloy, S. (2016). From old soccer to new football? Expert accounts of transformations on the world game in Australia post-Crawford Report.Soccer Society,17(1), 72-89. Hay, R. (2013). The story of Australia's membership of FIFA, in 50 years: the 50th anniversary of Australia's membership of FIFA and teams of the decades. OConnor, D., Larkin, P., Williams, A. M. (2017). Observations of youth football training: How do coaches structure training sessions for player development?.Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-9. Stell, M., Salisbury, C. (2015). Its Bigger than the Olympics: changing Australia through football and the 1974 FIFA World Cup.Soccer Society,16(2-3), 245-258. Talpey, S., Gabbe, B., Lloyd, D., Donaldson, A., Young, W., Finch, C. (2017). Implementation of the hamstring lowers exercise in community Australian footballA case study.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,20, e8.

The Truth About Emotional Spoilers For Books and Movies - The Writers For Hire

THE TRUTH ABOUT EMOTIONAL SPOILERS FOR BOOKS AND MOVIES A few weeks ago, when Avengers: Endgame premiered in theatres throughout the country, there was a huge uproar about people spoiling a major plot twist. Those who were not able to see the movie on the night it premiered felt like they were cheated, when the death of a certain well-loved hero was revealed by their friends on social media. Spoilers like this are a common thing when it comes to popular books, movies, and T.V. shows. And many avid fans go to great lengths to avoid seeing or hearing anything that may give away and â€Å"spoil† crucial dramatic themes in their favorite books or shows. After all, if those dramatic themes are discovered ahead of time, it may ruin —or, at the very least, lessen— the experience of reading or watching them for the first time. Or, will it? Surprisingly, studies have found that people who have been exposed to a â€Å"spoiler† can actually end up enjoying the book or movie more than those who go into it without prior knowledge of what is going to happen. It turns out that emotional spoilers allow people to better process what they are about to read or watch and, in turn, help them to be prepared for those sensitive moments. While this may seem strange to those who insist that spoilers make things less enjoyable, there are actually quite a few people who want to know what is going to happen ahead of time. So many, in fact, that there is an entire website dedicated to giving emotional spoilers for books, movies, and T.V. shows. And it does not stop there! Doesthedogdie.com also provides crowdsourced spoilers for video games, blogs, and podcasts, among other things. So, next time you are going start reading an emotionally charged novel, check out this website ahead of time, and let us know if the spoilers make the book more enjoyable!

The sacrament of marriage Essay Example Essay Example

The sacrament of marriage Essay Example Paper The sacrament of marriage Essay Introduction The Roman Catholic Church has a very specific interpretation of marriage and how it should be accepted. Marriage is one of the sacraments. It is one of the ceremonies that the Roman Catholic Church expects a devoted catholic to go through. It is believed to bring you one step closer to God. Marriage is also a covenant, a promise to one another. It is an eternal agreement between two people to allocate themselves to each other.The Catholic Church believes that the relationship between two people should be like the creation story. Adam and Eve are model parents and set an example to all couples. God wants all Catholics to have a bond between each other shown in the creation story.Jesus had a different view to the Old Testament which was that â€Å"two people become one† once they unite. Jesus said â€Å"No human being must separate what God has joined together†, meaning that it is not our job to choose to separate. Jesus was completely against the idea of divorce.The Pope has a similar opinion to Jesus that â€Å"a man and a woman pledge themselves to one another in an unbreakable alliance† meaning that a marriage is unbreakable and that they are choosing to enter an alliance, a life long commitment.Hosea emphasised that marriage was a symbol of Gods covenantal love.He said â€Å"show your love for a woman who is committing adultery with a lover†. He is trying to say that we should be able to forgive if we have sinned against one another. The love between two people should help their marriage survive through a crisis.The Catholic Church believes it is unacceptable for two people to divorce as this is emphasised in the New Testament although it does conflict with Moses’ teachings who said that divorce was acceptable. Although a marriage can be annulled if it is proven that it was never real or happened for the wrong reasons.One of the main views of the Catholic Church is that marriage is there for two people to become one. There is a special union that a couple shares in a marriage, sexual intercourse is a sign of this union where two become one. If both partners choose to separate they are still joined after becoming one and God lets no one divide. In a marriage sex is seen as a proper expression of the love of a man and a woman only within marriage. They are able to have children with the encouragement of the church. The churches teachings explain that the sex and the possibility of having a child should not be separated. The church teaches that marriage is the only appropriate relationship, within which sexual intercourse should take place.In a marriage ceremony, two people make a commitment which is done by the marital vows. These vows include what their duties are and what they are expected to do as husband/wife. â€Å"For richer for poorer† is one of the vows meaning that they must stand by each other if they are experiencing any financial difficulties. â€Å"In sickness and in health† m eaning that if one partner unfortunately is sick, the other must support them and continue their marriage. There are many other vows which explain their responsibilities.The Catechism is a book on moral issues which explains the Catholic Churches views on society. One of the categories that are highlighted in the catechism is that â€Å"adultery, divorce, polygamy and free union† are all offences against the dignity of marriage. â€Å"Masturbation . pornography and homosexual practices† are also considered to be sins. The Catholic Church is strongly against any one that does not follow the creation, the uniting of a man and woman.Polygamy is another category that the church does not approve of where some one is married to more than one person. This is explained in 1 kings11: 3 that Solomon had â€Å"married 700 princesses and also had 300 concubines.† Solomon had disobeyed Gods laws and was lead astray by these women.The Catholic Church basically believes that w hen two people are married they have made a promise and are united. They are able to have sexual intercourse and then be able to have a child. People are expected to keep their vows and accept the moral issues mentioned in the catechism.AO2: Explain how in the course of their marriage the couple would apply these beliefs and highlight specific instances where Christian belief makes a real difference to a healthy marriage, you may include a variety of Christian responses to the beliefs andProblems that arise in marriage (598 words)Many marriages are successful and do not experience any serious problems whereas there are many marriages which do experience serious problems. These problems can be related to their vows or other social problems. Many things can be done to help save a marriage during a crisis with help from the church or groups.When a marriage is going through problems they can often reflect on the vows by keeping them. These marital vows can help resolve problems. â€Å" For richer for poorer† is one of the vows that we are expected to follow. Marriages can run through financial difficulties which can lead to problems. One partner may feel they are unable to live with the other if they are not being supported financially. Marriages running through these difficulties are expected to love each other even if they are experiencing financial problems.Another vow that is expected to help resolve problems is â€Å"in sickness and in health†. This vow means that if either partner is having health problems, the other should support them. Many marriages can break down as one partner may feel they are unable to love and care for them. Using this vow they should be able to continue loving each other and enable them to resolve the problem by making time to care for the person. Two people in a marriage are expected to be together till â€Å"death do us apart†. People can reflect on this vow and help them want to continue the marriage and love each other until either partner dies.A marriage can experience many problems and pressures in society. Marriages can break down for many reasons. Some times there could abuse in the marriage leading the victim to feel the only way out it is to separate. A large percentage of marriages fall out due to one partner committing adultery and the other may feel they cannot forgive. In these situations divorce can be inevitable. A couple may have an annulment if they prove that the marriage was either rushed or one was forced or it happened for the wrong reasons. Once a marriage has been annulled it has the advantage of completely being eradicated from the churches records and are able to re-marry in a catholic church.When a couple is experiencing problems they can get help from the church where there are certain groups organised for marriage problems. They can all receive help from counselling groups such as â€Å"Marriage† and â€Å"Relate†.A couple may feel that they must s tay together no matter what due to certain reasons. If children are involved the couple may feel that they have to stay together for them and to prevent the family from breaking up. A couple may stay together for religious reasons. They may be religious and determined to keep the marriage together to obey the Roman Catholic views. After having marital problems it could make a relationship much stronger between two people.In an R.E video, â€Å"R.E collection†, I learnt about couples who have truly kept the vow â€Å"in sickness and in health†. Anita and Glenn were together for five months and then married for 6 months. Unfortunately Glenn suffered in an accident and became disabled. Anita was enable to care for him and had to look after her child. She did not divorce Glenn and visits him very often feeling that her marriage is still very alive and true even though she is no longer able to have a sexual relationship with him. This is an example of a true Christian who c ontinues to love her husband â€Å"in sickness and in health†.AO3: Life long marriage is too much for Christians to live up today. The church should be willing to drop this vow. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer showing that you have thought about more then one point of view. (462 words)I disagree with this statement and that this vow should not be dropped. I think people need someone they can rely on and be able to share the rest of their life with as this is essential in a fast changing world. They can have a future together that they can look forward to. When getting married a couple speak out their vows. The vow â€Å"death do us part† should not be broken as the Roman Catholic Church says. Jesus wanted marriage to be permanent just like his love for the church, which is permanent. He made it clear that he did not like the idea of divorce. A couple should not be parted until one has died.Getting married is necessary to show the couple is ready to make a co mmitment to each other. A couple needs this security, this commitment to show the eternal unity between two people. Marriage can enable a couple to have stability therefore a couple are able to provide a loving home for children. It gives the couple and children security. If the couple have a strong lasting relationship it can prevent adultery. A couple’s relationship can grow and their love deepens.Jesus made it clear that when two people are joined it is not up to us to decide to separate. Having a divorce is a direct violation to the vows and Jesus’ teachings. He wanted us to work through what ever problems or difficulties we have in relationships which could help make a couple stronger.How ever in many situations it could help if this vow were to be dropped. Couples might be having serious problems such as physical abuse. If there is abuse in the relationship it may be extremely difficult to get through and divorce could be inevitable. Some relationships could be e xperiencing insoluble money problems. They could be in debt and the relationship is just not progressing. There could be serious sexual problems in the relationship. One partner may desperately want a child whereas the other may not or one partner may be unable to have children. Either way it could cause serious problems leading to divorce.Sometimes relationships have no trust where one partner maybe committing adultery or one partner may not be able to trust the other leaving a very weak relationship as trust is essential in a marriage.Many people feel the love between two people dies out after a while making it impossible for them to be able to make an honest commitment. As people seem to be living longer we are expected to love our partner for a long time – the rest of our lives, which can be difficult, and divorce maybe necessary. If children are involved, divorce can have a big impact on their lives. The sacrament of marriage Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Free Essays on A King And His Queen

So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs and closed up the place with flesh. Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man (Genesis 2:21-23). The bond between a man and a woman represents something special, even dating back to the book of Genesis. The statues of King Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty radiate the strength and unity of this bond that is shared between a man and woman, husband and wife, and in this case, the king and queen. This statue seems to tell a very interesting story of devotion and affection the queen has for her king. He stands proudly before his audience ready to defend and protect her and his people in their life, as well as their after lives. The way that king Menkaure is standing with such presence shows that he was very confident in who he was. His fist and his hands are in the position of a strong warrior. The Queen is right beside him and very proud to be in the position of his lifelong partner and companion. The way Queen Khamerernebty is holding on to him portrays a lasting image. In some way she believes that it is humanly possible to pull from his strength and somehow become one with his power and spirit. The strong connection in their unity is a trait that even men and women today yearn and hope for. It seems as though the materials that they are carved from depict strength, stability, and durability. We know this from the fact that they have lasted from century to century with limited corrosion or heavy damage. Side by side the two of them stand, ready to take on whatever the world or the Dynasty for that matter has to throw at them. Together they stand tall, knowing that without the other, they are ultimately nothing. Fearing deep down that one day they will suffer a great loss, if by some chance one of their lives is terminated and the King and Queen’s physical union ... Free Essays on A King And His Queen Free Essays on A King And His Queen So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs and closed up the place with flesh. Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man (Genesis 2:21-23). The bond between a man and a woman represents something special, even dating back to the book of Genesis. The statues of King Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty radiate the strength and unity of this bond that is shared between a man and woman, husband and wife, and in this case, the king and queen. This statue seems to tell a very interesting story of devotion and affection the queen has for her king. He stands proudly before his audience ready to defend and protect her and his people in their life, as well as their after lives. The way that king Menkaure is standing with such presence shows that he was very confident in who he was. His fist and his hands are in the position of a strong warrior. The Queen is right beside him and very proud to be in the position of his lifelong partner and companion. The way Queen Khamerernebty is holding on to him portrays a lasting image. In some way she believes that it is humanly possible to pull from his strength and somehow become one with his power and spirit. The strong connection in their unity is a trait that even men and women today yearn and hope for. It seems as though the materials that they are carved from depict strength, stability, and durability. We know this from the fact that they have lasted from century to century with limited corrosion or heavy damage. Side by side the two of them stand, ready to take on whatever the world or the Dynasty for that matter has to throw at them. Together they stand tall, knowing that without the other, they are ultimately nothing. Fearing deep down that one day they will suffer a great loss, if by some chance one of their lives is terminated and the King and Queen’s physical union ...

Business ethics and environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business ethics and environment - Assignment Example It also strongly advocated for the principle that companies should embark on fair pricing so as to improve the economy and attract investment. In addition, it advocated for employees by stating that they should be respected and treated with high regard. It believed that by doing this then one would increase employee output and reliability. This would in return amount to better quality work done. Subsequently, the company will make returns. The prime problem of this assumption is that the employee may fail to deliver when they feel that respect for them lacks. Indeed, Shareholder Value Management and Stakeholder value management are quite different in aspect. Shareholder Value Management stresses more on the principle of profitability over responsibility, and the organizations are seen as tools that are to rake in profits. On the other hand, Stakeholder Value Management believes in the principles of responsibility for profitability (Denning, 2014). While Shareholder Value Management deals more with issues targeting at how a corporation can manage to rake in more profit, Stakeholder Value Management seek to deal with the main issues, which hamper effective productivity. Additionally, it offers to bring solutions, which can improve the overall situation. Focusing on profitability seeks to look for short-term solutions that will ensure quick profits. The prime focus of the former is to concentrate on profit margins, while the latter digs deeper and seeks to offer practical solutions to these issues at hand (Carroll, & Buchholtz, 2015). The s atisfaction of the employees and the clients as well is the priority of the latter while the former seeks to please the bigwigs with impressive figures. The major issues leading to failure of the Shareholder Value Maximization were that the emphasis was placed on returns, and this resulted in a workforce, which was not producing results as per the expected outcomes.

Interpretation and criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpretation and criticism - Essay Example At the time when Sontag wrote this, pop art was very popular, which had room only for experience, but hardly much for interpretation. This was also a fall-out of the fact that art critics just before this time were very eager to categorize every work of art into certain theories and pre-conceived notions, which made way for a very forced manner of looking at things. It is also true that music needs to be analyzed in order to be learned, and this involves the dissection of their beloved medium for music lovers who also yearn to master it. But after one has absorbed the technicalities of music, they become a sort of second nature, and do not hinder the love and appreciations of the art form. In fact, when one is aware of how exactly the music is made, the enjoyment becomes keener. It is just a matter of going through the difficult transitional learning phase without losing interest or ardor. From our discussion here it is clear that analysis and interpretation are necessary in order to appreciate and gain an understanding of art. But it is important to do this while keeping fresh the immediate experience that art provides, so as to fully enjoy it and not impose any meanings that even the artist may not have intended in the first place. Athol

Fasting in hinduism and islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fasting in hinduism and islam - Research Paper Example Fasting is mostly used as a religious term to describe an act of willingly abstaining (Adlakha, 2005) from some or all types of drink, food or both of them for a given period. Some people or religions fast for 24 hours while others for many days. Some types of fasting are only partial merely restricting some types of food, sub substances or drinks (Desika, 1997). Some people’s fasting culture or practice prohibits sexual intercourse alongside other activities that are not food or drink related (Kittler and Sucher, 2007). Particularly, both Hinduism and Islam embrace fasting to certain limits as part of their religion practices. Fasting in Hinduism is embraced as quite an integral component of the Hindu’s religious practices. However, local customs and personal beliefs determine the different kinds of fasts individuals undertake. This is to say that fasting in Hindu is done differently based on individual factors. On the other hand, fasting in Islam is also viewed as one of the most (Adlakha, 2005) valuable parts of the religious practices. Five pillars of religion to which fasting are observed as the fourth one among these pillars guides Islam. In Islam, unlike Hinduism, there are specific periods in which every Muslim is expected to first. For instance, during the month of Ramadan; notably the period in which most Muslims fast (Desika, 1997). Comparing Fasting in Hinduism and Islam Both religions might share a number of similarities in the way they undertake their fasting. However, there are significant differences. These differences emanate from the way it has practiced, the days and the purpose that make every religion to fast. In Hindu, fasting is done differently in that some sections of the Hindus fast on a number of days of the month such as the Ekadasi, pradosha, and Purnima. Some people fast on certain weekdays as dependent on the favorite deity or personal beliefs. For instance, there are those who fast on Monday. These are known as the Shiva devotees (Kittler and Sucher, 2007). Those who fast on Thursdays are known to devote to Vishnu while those who fast on Saturdays are known to be devotees of Ayyappa. Fasting is also done differently in different regions. For example, the southern Indians who fast on Tuesday are said to be the devotees of the goddess Mariamman, in which those who fast eat before sunrise and are only allowed to drink liquids from sunrise to sunset. The northern Indians fast on Tuesday to honor lord Hanuman, in which the devotees can only take fruits and milk between sunrise and sunset. They are also known to fast majorly on Thursday during which they worship Vrihaspati Mahadeva  while they are dressed in yellow clothes (Kittler and Sucher, 2007). The meals they eat are also colored in yellow. It is also dedicated to guru, which makes the followers of guru to fast on Thursday. On the other hand fasting in Islam can also be done in a number of days. Despite the fact that Ramadan is the most notable fasting period, there are also days referred to as non-obligatory days in which members can voluntarily fast. These days include every Monday and Thursday of a week, the 13th, 14th and 15th of each lunar month. In the month, that follows Ramadan; known as Shawwal, there are also non-obligatory six days of fasting. The fast of Prophet David, among the calendar of Islam, is sup posed to be done each other. The tenth day of Muharram; also referred to as Day of Ashura is also a non-obligatory fasting day. It can also be done a day after or before the tenth day (Desika, 1997). Despite this large fasting calendar, Islam forbids fasting on a number of days. First, no one is to fast during Eid Fitr and Eid Adha, which are the 1st Shawwal and 10th Dhulhijjah respectively. Suni Islam prohibits fasting on Tashriq that is on 11th, 12th, and 13th Dhulhijjah. There is also no fasting during Eid Al Adha, the 10th day of Dhu Al-Hijjah in the calendar of I

Funding Accommodation for NHS Service Users

Funding Accommodation for NHS Service Users The implications of providing and/or funding accommodation for service users under the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 and Mental Health Act 1983: Community care is wrought with conflicting duties, in the first instance carers in the community must preserve life and dignity but also fulfill the wishes of the client.[1] In respect to health and care management in the mentally ill there is various legal, moral and social implications for carers and the local authorities. The main question is whether the client should be moved from hospital to community care, because of their inability to care for themselves and the lack of services and accommodation.[2] In addition the reduction of costs on the state to have a fleet of 24/7 on calls aftercare services and the cost of providing individual housing[3]. Detention within a hospital unit is the biggest breach of human integrity, because the freedom of the individual has been taken away. In addition this may be the only avenue when the mentally infirm client refuses to take their medications and are unable to care for themselves and need 24/7 care, especially when there are no family me mbers able to care for them therefore leaving them as the responsibility of the state. It is a difficult position that carers are in, but extra resources and education sufficient care in the community is possible.[4] The following discussion is going to explore the duty that the local authorities hold to provide sufficient aftercare service, carers and housing to vulnerable persons once they have left the hospital scene. It will focus on the mentally ill, because there is a higher likelihood that housing and aftercare is needed for service users under section 117 of the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA). Prior to this a discussion of detention and sectioning under the MHA will be discussed to illustrate that their human rights may easily be breached in the Local Authorities to provide sufficient aftercare, so that the individual may be further detained in the hospital facility. Under section 2 of the MHA an individual can be sectioned, which is detained for medical treatment on the grounds of mental illness, by an approved social worker or close family relative who is over 18. This means that the individual’s human right to liberty may be breached, therefore the law has to be certain that this right can be derogated in the circumstances. Under the 1983 Act the law requires that person sectioning the individual must have seen him in the last 14 days and this allows the individual to be detained for up to 28 days and the following admission procedure is adhered to: Two doctors must confirm that: (a) the patient is suffering from a mental disorder of a nature or degree that warrants detention in hospital for assessment (or assessment followed by medical treatment) for at least a limited period; and (b) she or he ought to be detained in the interests of her or his own health or safety, or with a view to the protection of others.[5] As a fail safe to incorrect detentions under section 2 of the MHA the individual can be released by the following individuals; RMO; hospital managers; the nearest relative, who must give 72 hours notice. The RMO can prevent her or him discharging a patient by making a report to the hospital managers. [Finally the] MHRT. [In addition] The patient can apply to a tribunal within the first 14 days of detention. [6] Therefore the law allows for the individual to be detained, but only if the person is honestly a threat to themselves and society, with mental illness it is highly that the person will be treated efficiently, but will need sufficient aftercare as mental health issues are usually long term. Under section 3 of the MHA it sets out the situation that the individual can be detained for; otherwise the individual should be given their liberty and given sufficient outpatient or aftercare service. Section 3(2) sets up three grounds that the individual can be detained for hospital treatment, which are: (a) he is suffering from mental illness, severe mental impairment, psychopathic disorder or mental impairment and his mental disorder is of a nature or degree which makes it appropriate for him to receive medical treatment in a hospital; and (b) in the case of psychopathic disorder or mental impairment, such treatment is likely to alleviate or prevent a deterioration of his condition; and (c) it is necessary for the health or safety of the patient or for the protection of other persons that he should receive such treatment and it cannot be provided unless he is detained under this section. All three grounds must be satisfied to detain the individual in hospital, otherwise there will be a breach of the individual’s right to liberty under the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA). If hospital treatment is not warranted an application for guardianship for over 16’s can be made either by the Local Authority or the person seeking guardianship; again as this threatens the integrity and the right to make one’s own decisions that section 7(2) of the MHA states that the following two grounds must be complied with: (a) he is suffering from mental disorder, being mental illness, severe mental impairment, psychopathic disorder or mental impairment and his mental disorder is of a nature or degree which warrants his reception into guardianship under this section; and (b) it is necessary in the interests of the welfare of the patient or for the protection of, other persons that the patient should be so received. Therefore because the integrity of the individual is at threat and guardianship can include admission into hospital that the individual must be deemed as incapable for caring for themselves. The strict grounds stops the use of detention as a cheap option for Local Authorities over sufficient aftercare services; however an individual can get themselves admitted if they feel the need to be hospitalized for mental illness under section 131 of the MHA. In addition this act allows the individual to stop being discharged from the hospital, because the individual feels safe in the environment. As this is voluntary and the patient can decide to leave at any time this is not a breach of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) as enacted through the HRA. Prior to moving on the provisions of Article 5 will be discussed as this is important to ensuring that the patient is discharged from forced detainment at the soonest possible moment and sufficient aftercare provided; other wise detainment could seen by the NHS and Local Authorities as a cost cutting measure to providing housing and aftercare services. Under Article 5(1)(e) it allows the detention of persons of unsound mind on the basis of lawful detention and procedure is prescribed under domestic law. The definition of unsound mind was left to an evolving definition in Winterwerp v Netherlands[7]; however detention can not be made merely on the basis that the individual’s belief system and behaviour are deviate from the norm. The use of detention under 5(1)(e) can only be for self-protection or the protection of the public, whereby the detention should only occur when; a medical disorder by an objective medical personnel; the nature and degree of the disorder is significantly extreme; and the detention is only as long as the medical disorder. In Ashingdane v UK[8] it was added that detention can only occur in a hospital or appropriate medical institution. The only circumstances that these requirements are weakened are with respect to emergency admissions but the detention should be properly assessed and continued detention should cease if the person is not of unsound mind[9]. Detention is an important part of mental health treatment and it is in these cases that treatment against one’s wishes will occur. The state is required to provide an adequate level of medical treatment, including psychiatric care.[10] However, the patient should be released from detainment as soon as these grounds are no longer met as per section 16 of the MHA and sufficient aftercare service provided. This is an area of great concern when providing care in the area of the mentally infirm has always posed a difficult area for carers, doctors, nurses and human rights and consent is the key problem, because where does the law draw the line for treatment and incarceration into supervised care against or without the patient’s will? In most normal circumstances no treatment can be performed without the patient’s consent; however how does this work if the patient has been determined mentally incapable of making r ational decisions and therefore unable or unwilling to give consent. If a doctor has ordered that treatment should be made the question arises whether the nurse should still proceed, as it is in the best welfare of the patient or withhold treatment because the patient is unable or unwilling to give consent? Prior to the enactment of the HRA the problem of consent was a lot less murky as rights were given on the basis that there was no law restricting them, i.e. civil liberties. Therefore if parliament deemed that that rights such as consent for medical treatment should be restricted because of one’s mental health this was justification enough, as parliament is supreme. The HRA changed this because a set of inherent rights were introduced which conflicted in cases with the will and supremacy of parliament, of which the right to a private life and the liberty and security of the person came to the forefront of the debate of consent and mental health, i.e. the person has the con trol to determine what happens to their body and freedom and this is not determined by the wishes, albeit good of parliament and using detainment as a cost effective measure and not providing a sufficient aftercare service is a breach of Article 5. In addition it breaches the statutory duty owed by the Local Authorities and the NHS under section 117 of the MHA and section 42 of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 (NHSCCA). The following discussion is going to explore the duty to provide aftercare and consider whether it is being met, especially in the light of R v Ealing District Health Authority, ex parte Fox[11] where it was held under section 117 of the MHA: (1) that the authority has erred in law in not attempting with all reasonable expedition and diligence to make arrangements so as to enable the applicant to comply with the conditions imposed by the mental health review tribunal; (2) that a district health authority is under a duty under section 117 of the Mental Health Act 1983 to provide aftercare services when patient leaves hospital, and acts unlawfully in failing to seek to make practical arrangements for after-care prior to that patients discharge from hospital where such arrangements are required by mental health review tribunal in order to enable the patient to be conditionally discharged from hospital. Therefore the following discussion will explore these duties to provide sufficient aftercare services. In the case of the NHSCCA the case law and provisions are an amalgamation of a series of previous community care provisions, therefore these will be discussed and indicated to their standing within this act. Community care law and the provision of accommodation and after care services were provided as a statutory duty National Assistance Act 1948 (NAA). The NAA abolished the Poor Laws and imposed a duty on Local Authorities under section 21 to provide housing on those who by reason, illness, disability or any other circumstances are in need of care and attention which was not otherwise available to them. The NHSCCA amends section 21 to include nursing mother but upholds this duty to provide accommodation to the ill. This accommodation must be given to the individual free of charge or the Local Authority must pay for it, as they are unable to work under section 44-45 of the NHSCCA and section 117 of the MHA. As the cases of R v Manchester CC ex parte Stennet[12]; R v Redcar and Cleveland BC ex parte Armstrong[13]; and R v Harrow LBC ex parte Cobham[14] revealed that individuals that had been detained under section 3 and no longer fulfill these grounds must be provided sufficient aftercare services under section 117 of the MHA, sections 42-50 of the NHSCCA and the Health Act 1999 (HlthA) section 5 this soon not be provided at a cost to the individual. Under the NAA section 22 this charging regime did exist however this was repealed in the NHSCCA. In addition the Local Authority and Primary Care Trust it is also under a duty to provide services that are essential to the aftercare of the individual. Under section 29 of the NAA it was limited to only promoting other welfare arrangements, which included information, instruction and recreation in and outside their homes. The wording to promote welfare services was the downfall of the NAA because there was no obligation for the LA to provide these services, i.e. the LA has a discretion rather than a duty to provide such services.[15] However the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 (CSDPA) where the Local Authority were obliged to provide services, including education and recreation; as well as sufficient adaptations to the home, access to holidays and meal provisions under section 2 of the CSPDA. This was confirmed in the case of R v Gloucestershire CC ex parte Barry[16]. Section 2 of the CSPDA has been called the finest community care statute[17] the disabled or chronic ally ill person under the act has a right to these resources regardless of whether the Local Authority has the availability of them, they must be provided upon request. This supports and strengthens the section 21 of the NAA, now section 42 of the NHSCCA[18] and section 2 of the CSPDA. However, the NHSCCA sections 46-50 and section 117 of the MHA have enforced the obligation to provide aftercare services after being released from hospital without charge[19]. This was confirmed in the case of Clunis v Camden and Islington HA[20]. In addition the Local Authority must provide payments or grants to ensure that the individual can live comfortably once released from the hospital, this is more applicable to physically disabled individuals and is confirmed under section 46-50 of the NHSCCA, for example section 47 determines the extent of aftercare services that the individual requires: (1)Â  Subject to subsections (5) and (6) below, where it appears to a local authority that any person for whom they may provide or arrange for the provision of community care services may be in need of any such services, the authority— (a)Â  shall carry out an assessment of his needs for those services; and (b)Â  having regard to the results of that assessment, shall then decide whether his needs call for the provision by them of any such services. These services and the extent that they are provided are contained in a variety of acts, for example if the person requires adaptations to their home the Local Authority is under a duty to provide a grant if the individual cannot afford it. This right is protected under section 23 and 24 of the Housing Grants, Construction Regeneration Act 1996 (HGCRA). Section 23 and 24 imposes an obligation in the LA to make grants to make the necessary adaptations to their home, which is confirmed in the case of R v Birmingham CC ex parte Taj Mohammed[21]. If the individual needs to be housed in a special nursing home then the Local Authority is either entitled to provide the service or pay the registered nursing home for their services. This is protected under section 46 of the NHSCCA. This service should be provided efficiently and immediately and as with the Fox Case this should not be prolonged detention within a hospital. Section 50 of the NHSCCA provides the duty and guidelines for these pr ovisions and failure to do so will result in the investigation of the Local Authority. Section 50 of the NHSCCA has tried to deal with the problems with the current care framework, which is that although healthcare is free community care and carers provisions cost the individual who needs the aid. The individual has a right for community care to be provided, but in a lot of circumstances the receipt of funds to pay or the provision of the service can be delayed due to the Local Authorities and Primary Care Trusts fighting over who should foot the bill. This controversy has been risen in R (T) v Hackney[22] but has not been sufficiently resolved; rather the most appropriate authority must provide the care. Therefore section 50 (7)(e) states that: The Secretary of State may, with the approval of the Treasury, make grants out of money provided by Parliament towards any expenses of local authorities incurred in connection with the exercise of their social services functions in relation to persons suffering from mental illness. The problem with this is that it does not provide grants for the physically disabled, which means for these individual’s aftercare services will continue to be delayed to arguments over who will be paying the bill for the cost. In respect to housing this is the duty of the Local Authority and either housing should be directly provided or payment to a housing association or private landlord should be made. The other avenue that the Local Authority has is that the individual can receive direct payments for aftercare under the Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1998 (CCDPA) renamed the Health and Social Care Act 2001 (HSCA). The individual with this money can pay their housing and choose an pay an appropriate carer and aftercare services. To be eligible the carer and aftercare service must be sufficiently educated to deal with the individual’s needs. In limited and exceptional circumstances a family member can be paid carers allowance, but it must be sufficiently illustr ated that this individual can meet the individual’s needs as per the Direct Payments Regulations 2003 Regulation 6. If the individual is unable to deal with their own care payments then the Local Authority must provide an agency that can deal with the aid of community care payments to be made to the carer. Under English law these agencies are called Independent User Trusts that provide the payments services for either the Local Authority or the Primary Care Trust, as supported by the cases of A v B v East Sussex.[23] This system means that the aftercare services and payments are NOT being directly paid therefore this leaves the possibility that the individual will use the money for other purposes and therefore the aftercare has to be provided at extra cost to the Local Authority, because there is a duty to provide under section 117 of the MHA sections 42-50 of the NHSCCA and section 5 of the HlthA. On the whole Local Authorities do not promote the use of Direct Payments becau se of the limitations of not aiding mental health service users and the extra expense of the Independent User Trusts. The Local Authority is under no duty to provide Direct Payments or information about then, just the services and care that are a duty; therefore the Local Authority is more likely to provide direct care services rather than payment. This is why in respect to housing the Local Authority is more likely to provide housing in housing trusts and make the payments directly to these entities, as council owned properties are less available. The duty to provide accommodation is also cemented in the Housing Act 1996 (HA), which has obligated special duties for Local Authority to provide housing in the rental sector for vulnerable adults, which includes those that come under section 117 of the MHA and sections 42-45 of the NHSCCA. There are still problems with effective community care, because as the Fox Case and the Stennet, Armstrong and Cobham Cases illustrated is that Local Authorities and Primary Care Trusts do not want to foot the bill for aftercare services. In the Fox Case continued hospitalization was argued for because it was cost effective, but as section 117 of the MHA states that if the individual is no longer detainable under section 3 and does not voluntarily remain under section 131 then release must occur. This duty to release and provision of sufficient community care is argued the best method for the mentally infirm and disabled.[24] Gitlin Cocoran[25] argue that the main health concerns are that of safety when dealing with dementia (as with other mental illnesses and the physically disabled) living at home alone or with family members and all that is needed are specific modifications to the physical environment to address these issues, and guiding principles for implementing environmental changes. This is provided under the NHSCCA, MHA and grants are available under the HGCRA, therefore there is no excuse that the individual cannot receive community care when hospitalization is not necessary. This has extra costs to the state, as the Fox Case illsustrates, in re-education and in cases of non-affordability of the adaptations; however it is usually easier and more cost-efficient to hospitalize the client but it is necessary so a breach of the client’s human rights. Finally, studies such as Richards et al[26] and Schneider et al[27] argue that care of dementia is a much higher standard when within the community, because it reduces depression and gives a higher quality of life. As Barnett argues the individual should have a say in the caring strategy and forced hospitalization should only occur if section 3 of the MHA is fulfilled.[28] The law under the MHA, HlthA, NHSCCA and the HGCRA has made it a duty to the Local Authority that community resources should be ma de available therefore making hospitalization unreasonable and a breach of human rights[29]; however as the Fox Case has illustrated the Local Authorities will still attempt to dismiss this duty under the guise of necessary detention under the MHA or as with the Stennet, Armstrong and Cobham Cases charge the individual for their provision.[30] However, as these cases have enforced there is no charge and their provision is a duty at no charge and better cohesion between Primary Care Trusts and Local Authorities needs to occur to stop the passing of the bill from one agency to another, whilst the individual is either unfairly detained or without these essential services: Joint policies between PCTs/health authorities and social services are to be agreed to ensure the duty is met (HSC 2000/003). Where funding issues arise, and the health agencies are considering their obligation only to fund health costs under S.3 of the NHS Act 1977, regard may be had to the pooling arrangements for health and social care budgets under the Health Act 1999.[31] Bibliography: Alzheimers Disease Society, 1992, Safe as Houses Living alone with Dementia (A resource booklet to aid risk management) Alzheimer’s Disease Society London The Alzheimers Association, 2000, Guidelines for Dignity: Goals of Specialized Alzheimer/Dementia Care in Residential Settings, Alzheimer’s Association Chicago Antonangeli, 1995, Of Two Minds: A Guide to the Care of People with the Dual Diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease and Mental Retardation, Malden Barnett, 2000, Including the person with dementia in designing and delivering care: I need to be me! Jessica Kingsley Publishers Bowen, 2006, Human Rights Transforming Services, Social Care Institute for Excellence Brayne Carr, 2005, Law for Social Workers Oxford University Clements, 2004, Community Care and the Law London Legal Action Group (LAG) Cox, 1998, Home Solutions: Housing Support for People with Dementia, The Housing Associations Charitable Trust Day et al. 2000, The Therapeutic Design of Environments for People with Dementia: A Review of the Empirical Research, The Gerontologist 2000 (40) Day, 2002, The management of acute and chronic pain the community. Professional Nurse papers. 17(6) , Feb. 02. Department of Health, 2001, NHS Identity Guideline The Stationery Office Department of Health, 2004 Research Governance Framework Implementation Plan for Social Care DH ref 3402 Gitlin Cocoran, 2000, Making Homes Safer: Environmental Adaptations for People with Dementia Alzheimers Care Quarterly 1(1) Hoggett, 2002, The Family, Law and Society, LexisNexis UK Grubb, 2004, Principles of Medical Law 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press Hewitt, 2004, Between Necessity and Chance, NLJ 154(7124) Mahendra, 1998, Unto the Breach, The Practioner, in the NLJ 148(6857) Mind, Outline of the Mental Health Act 1983 http://www.mind.org.uk/Information/Legal/OGMHA.htm#s2 Mandelstan,1997, Equipment for Older or Disabled People and the Law Jessica Kingsley Mandelstan, 2005, Community Care Practice and the Law Jessica Kingsley McDonald, 1999, Understanding Community Care: A Guide for Social Workers Macmillan Meredith, 1995, The Community Care Handbook: The Reformed System Explained Age Concern NHS, Section 12(2) of MHA 1983 Website, can be found at: http://www.guideweb.org.uk/section12/section121.html Parsons, 2003, United Kingdom: Charging for Aftercare Services under s117 Mental Health Act 1983 – The Final Story, RadcliffesLeBrasseur can be found at: http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=22439print=1 Percy Commission, 1957 Report of the Royal Commission on the Law Relating to Mental Illness and Mental Deficiency Cmnd 169 1954-1957 Richards et al, 2000, Cognitive function in UK community dwelling African Caribbean and white elders: a pilot study International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 15 (7) Sandland Bartlett, 2003, Mental Health Law: Policy and Practice, Oxford Schneider et al,1997, Residential care for elderly people: an exploratory study of quality measurement Mental Health Research Review 4 WHO, 2003, Mental Health Legislation and Human Rights, WHO Footnotes [1] Keady, 2003 [2] Alzheimer’s Association Chicago, 2000 [3] Alzheimer’s Disease Association London, 1992 [4] Antonangeli, 1995 [5] Mind, Outline of the Mental Health Act 1983 http://www.mind.org.uk/Information/Legal/OGMHA.htm#s2 [6] Mind, Outline of the Mental Health Act 1983 http://www.mind.org.uk/Information/Legal/OGMHA.htm#s2 [7] (1979-80) 2 EHRR 387 [8] (1985) 7 EHRR 528 [9] Article 5(4) and Megyeri v Germany (1993) 15 EHRR 584 [10] The Greek Case [1969] 12 Yearbook 1 ; Cyprus v Turkey (1982) 4 EHRR 482; Keenan v UK [2001] The Times April 18th 2001 [11] [1993] 1 WLR 373 [12] [2002] 2 AC 1127 [13] [2002] 2 AC 1127 [14] [2002] 2 AC 1127 [15] Bowen, 2006 [16] [1997] AC 584 [17] Clements, 2005 [18] R v Kensington Chelsea RLBC ex parte Kujtim [1999] 2 CCLR 340 [19] R v Manchester CC ex parte Stennett [2002] unreported [20] [1998] 3 AER 180 [21] [1999] 1 WLR 33 [22] [2006] 9 CCLR 58 [23] [2003] CCLR 177 [24] Day et al, 2000 [25] Gitlin Cocoran, 2000, pgs. 50-58 [26] Richards et al, 2000 [27] Schneider et al, 1997 [28] Barnett, 2000 [29] Cox, 1998 [30] Parsons, 2003 [31] Parsons, 2003

Of Mice and Men essay on Crooks character. :: English Literature

Of Mice and Men essay on Crooks character. Of Mice and Men essay ===================== I am doing my essay on Crooks the 'Stable buck' who is black, 'the nigger'. I have chosen to do Crooks as I feel he is a defined character, different to the rest so I thought it would be interesting to go into him with more detail. He has a crooked back, hence the name Crooks, he has a crooked back as a horse kicked him when he was younger. 'Stable buck' means he tends the horses on the ranch, and this is where he sleeps. He is not allowed to sleep in the bunkhouse with the rest of the ranch workers, as they are afraid that they might catch a disease off him, so instead he has to sleep in the barn with the animals. He lives a life of solitude, being alone in the barn with no-one coming in to talk to him, 'You got no right to come in my room', 'I aint wanted in the bunkhouse and you aint wanted in here'. Among his possessions, in his room he has some books, including "a tattered dictionary and a mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905" This tells him his rights as a black man, so he obviously does not want to get on the wrong side of the law, so he keeps to his limits. Him having books suggests to us that he may have been well educated as a child. When he was young boy he lived on a smallholding with his father, so he was probably treated with a bit of respect, however, now he is just a black man working on a ranch with a lot of white men, and now he is treated with no respect at all, he is an outcast which nobody wants to know, 'If I say something it's just a nigger talking'. So from having people liking him to no-one liking him at all is quite a big jump. The other ranch workers see him as entertainment, as you can easily win a fight against him if you were put up to it, when the boss comes along Crooks knows to get out of the way, "The boss gives him hell when he's mad" and he goes and finds something to do so he is not noticed. So if the ranch workers see the boss having a go at him they must think that it is right to push him around. At the time when this was set, black people were still seen as an inferior race to whites.

A Steady Rain Essay

It’s your typical cop movie, findable on the local channels. Two police officers claim to use their power for the good of the people, but find out how much easier it is to take matters into their own hands. Although we all can get this on our television for free, director Tazewell Thompson takes Keith Huff’s â€Å"A Steady Rain† and turns it into something worth paying for, or did he? The set is completely simple; as a matter of fact I must say it is very uncreative. There are two seats in the front and several are lined up in the back making two single rows. In the far back and sides of the stage, there are blinds with cracks in it as if people have been peeping through them. No art work, not even a coffee table, just chairs and blinds surrounded the stage. It took a while but it hit me, it is an interrogation room. Now, the only thing I predict coming is be a waste of hard earn money and angry people in the audience asking for a refund. But when the two actors came out and started to talk to the audience as if we were a part of the act, it startled me and caught my attention. I’m really in for the night of my life and if you were in my shoes, you’ll be to. This is definitely not your typical play; loyalty, friendship, and lives are at stake. Huff wants us to understand that it does not matter how long or how close you are with someone because in a split second they can betray you. This play did not provide a visual for less creative minds like myself. There was so much talking, storytelling, and current conversations, that I found myself lost through a couple of scenes such as the one where the random Vietnam boy shows up then gets eaten by some cannibalism. Good thing for Denny’s (Aaron Roman Weiner) aggressive voice which always brought my attention back to the play. What’s not to love about Denny? He is an alcoholic racist Italian who takes the law into his own hands leaving his kindergarten best friend, Joey (Kyle Fabel), to cover for him. Joey seems like the nice loyal wise guy who you would assume has his life together, but in all it is just an image. Joey apparently has to live under Denny’s roof because he cannot control his liquor cravings. Denny believes that Joey’s craving is the reason he has yet to have the most valuable thing in life, a family. Because Denny already has what Joey wants, he uses it against him by constantly reminding him who has what and who needs who which leads Joey to secretly wants to live the â€Å"successful† life of Denny. Denny’s vulgar ways makes him seem like he was the main character and as if the world evolve around him. He takes biblical quotes and twists the words around to support his crazy and in his own opinion, logical ideas. â€Å"It’s every man for himself and f–k your neighbor as you expect your neighbor to f–k unto you† (Huff 48). His harsh words are so striking that it leaves the audience in suspense quietly waiting for his next action. While Denny seems to be the one in charge, Joey on the other hand, stumbles over a couple of words. He tries to figure out what would be the best path for him and Denny. He shows his loyalty to his partner in crime by always sticking around and keeping his mouth shut when it comes to the other police officers. It is not always easy for Joey to cover up for Denny who has a particular attitude. He says that he is a family man and family comes first. However, he goes around sleeping with a prostitute, which in return creates conflict with the pimps, his job, and the safety of his family. Not even Saint Joey could save Denny from this situation because now both of their jobs are at stake. Denny will soon learn that all of his actions have consequences in which he is nowhere near prepared for. Are all his lies and his betrayal of the family he claims to protect worth it? Since Joey is living in Denny’s shadow, he believes that he is the one who should be taking care of the family. His loyalty for Denny soon dies when he finds the perfect opportunity to have the family he’s been longing for. Joey is now speaking up for himself by telling Connie, Denny’s wife, all of Denny’s dirt. Joey even starts making moves on his best friend’s, since kindergarten, wife and is making future plans with his new family. Denny was right, it is every man for themselves. In this play, the two characters have their own unique personalities, but as the play progresses there is a lot of role and power switching that occurs during the rainy setting. In Thomas Foster’s, Its More Than Just Rain or Snow, he shows the reason for why during the whole play it is raining. Foster says that rain sets the tone and it could mean potential danger is on its way or is already occurring. Throughout the play we can see destruction amongst friendship and when the play ends, the rain ends as if all the trouble has been washed away. Foster says, â€Å"So if you want a character to cleansed, symbolically, let him walk through the rain to get somewhere† (Foster 77). It is fascinated to see the twist within each character and to observe how each of them develops. By doing this, Keith Huff displays loyalty and friendship, but slams you with betrayal. Huff wants us to take a look at the people who we are closest with because at any given moment they can and there is a great chance that they will betray you. With all the conflicts seen in the play, only one of the brothers will have their happy ending. It’s a shocking twist that I did not even see coming. It’s worth the money spent.

Free Essays on Bean Trees

Hero’s Journey Essay Bean Trees After surviving and conquering many blood battles, Samson was considered by many to be a great hero. He was a great mythological warrior who saved lives and possessed many magical powers. But being a legendary god or a magical warrior does not make you a hero. Instead, a hero is defined by their noble deeds and brave tasks. Anyone and everyone can be a hero, it just depends on your perspective. Take Taylor for example, the main character in the book Bean Trees written by Barbara Kingsolver, she has no rare god-like powers. In fact, she did not even realize that she was a hero. A hero can come in any shape or form. To me, a hero is someone who does unselfish acts of kindness, who has their set list of priorities and who will not mind putting other people before themselves. Taylor sets a perfect model for my definition. Taylor had no idea what she had gotten herself into when she left her little town. She became a mother in an instant and dealt with it much better than some other people would have handled it. Turtle was now a part of her life, and she would have to stick with her through thick and thin. She now had to always think about what would be best for the baby, "I can’t really pay for a room, and I wouldn’t even bother you, except I’ve got a child out in that car that’s wet and cold and looking to find pneumonia if I don’t get it to bed someplace warm" (Kingsolver, 29). When Taylor had pleaded for a room, it was really for Turtle, she even admitted that she would not have even stopped if she did not have the child. That was a sign of selflessness, because she is thinking about how cold the baby must have been. She also helped around the motel they stayed in, "I had stayed on at the Broken Arrow through most of the holidays, earning some money in exchange for making beds" (Kingsolver, 48). Taylor did not think much of the Broken Arrow. She did not consider that to be her jo... Free Essays on Bean Trees Free Essays on Bean Trees Hero’s Journey Essay Bean Trees After surviving and conquering many blood battles, Samson was considered by many to be a great hero. He was a great mythological warrior who saved lives and possessed many magical powers. But being a legendary god or a magical warrior does not make you a hero. Instead, a hero is defined by their noble deeds and brave tasks. Anyone and everyone can be a hero, it just depends on your perspective. Take Taylor for example, the main character in the book Bean Trees written by Barbara Kingsolver, she has no rare god-like powers. In fact, she did not even realize that she was a hero. A hero can come in any shape or form. To me, a hero is someone who does unselfish acts of kindness, who has their set list of priorities and who will not mind putting other people before themselves. Taylor sets a perfect model for my definition. Taylor had no idea what she had gotten herself into when she left her little town. She became a mother in an instant and dealt with it much better than some other people would have handled it. Turtle was now a part of her life, and she would have to stick with her through thick and thin. She now had to always think about what would be best for the baby, "I can’t really pay for a room, and I wouldn’t even bother you, except I’ve got a child out in that car that’s wet and cold and looking to find pneumonia if I don’t get it to bed someplace warm" (Kingsolver, 29). When Taylor had pleaded for a room, it was really for Turtle, she even admitted that she would not have even stopped if she did not have the child. That was a sign of selflessness, because she is thinking about how cold the baby must have been. She also helped around the motel they stayed in, "I had stayed on at the Broken Arrow through most of the holidays, earning some money in exchange for making beds" (Kingsolver, 48). Taylor did not think much of the Broken Arrow. She did not consider that to be her jo...

100 years of army history Essays - Reserve Officers Training Corps

100 years of army history Essays - Reserve Officers Training Corps Making the best military officers in the world; motivating young people to be better citizens. The Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), as it exists today, began with President Wilson signing the National Defense Act of 1916. Although military training had been taking place in civilian colleges and universities as early as 1819, the signing of the National Defense Act brought this training under single, federally-controlled entity: The Reserve Officers' Training Corps. Army ROTC is the largest officer-producing organization with the American military, having commissioned more than half a million second lieutenants since its inception. The United States Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) came into being with the passage of the National Defense Act of 1916. Under the provisions of the Act, high schools were authorized the loan of federal military equipment and the assignment of active duty military personnel as instructors. In 1964, the Vitalization Act opened JROTC up to the other services and replaced most of the active duty instructors with retirees who worked for and were cost shared by the schools. Title 10 of the U.S. Code declares that "the purpose of Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps is to instill in students in United States secondary educational institutions the value of citizenship, service to the United States, personal responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment." History of Army ROTC The JROTC Program has changed greatly over the years. Once looked upon primarily as a source of enlisted recruits and officer candidates, it became a citizenship program devoted to the moral, physical and educational uplift of American youth. Although the program retained its military structure and the resultant ability to infuse in its student cadets a sense of discipline and order, it shed most of its early military content. The study of ethics, citizenship, communications, leadership, life skills and other subjects designed to prepare young men and woman to take their place in adult society, evolved as the core of the program. More recently, an improved student centered curriculum focusing on character building and civic responsibility is being presented in every JROTC classroom. JROTC is a continuing success story. From a modest beginning of 6 units in 1916, JROTC has expanded to 1645 schools today and to every state in the nation and American schools overseas. Cadet enrollment has grown to 281,000 cadets with 4,000 professional instructors in the classrooms. Comprised solely of active duty Army retirees, the JROTC instructors serve as mentors developing the outstanding young citizens of our country. Most Americans don't know there's an Army Reserve, and even many of those who do couldn't explain the difference between it and the active-duty Army. They're even more confused when it comes to distinguishing between the Army Reserve and the National Guard. So, here's all you really need to know about the Army Reserve: The Pentagon could not be fighting the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq without it. As the Army Reserve turns 100 years old April 23, it's worth noting just how much its mission has changed, and what that says about the way the nation is waging war. The Army Reserve is made up of part-time soldiers, who for generations have undergone a period of full-time basic training, and then spent a weekend each month training and a week or two each year on extended exercises. (The National Guard is also a part-time force, whose members report to the governors of their states, but who can be "federalized" and sent off to war just like reservists). During its first 80 years, the Army Reserve was deployed six times, a number it has eclipsed in the 20 years since. Nearly half of the Army's supporting units everything from military police to civil-affairs units now resides in the Army Reserve. Currently 26,000 of the Army's 190,000 Reservists are on active duty, including 6,600 in Iraq and 5,700 in Afghanistan. After the Cold War, the Pentagon made dramatic cuts to its available ground forces, slicing the 770,000-strong active-duty Army to a complement of 479,000 on the eve of 9/11 (it's at 524,000 now). Dreams of waging future wars with $350 million F-22 fighters and $2 billion Virginia-class attack subs quickly evaporated as the mud-and-blood campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq showed that the U.S. would need plenty of boots on

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Communication - Essay Example The results that are achieved by means of the community policing totally depends on the police officers set of perceptions of the ethics and also this very well plays an important role in the training of the other junior officers as well. This is especially done in order to cut short on the misconduct done by junior officers. Thus when teaching the students and also when giving lectures to the needed person who are dealing with criminal justice such articles can very well be collected from many types of related journals and newspapers. By means of all these sources one can really get so many examples of very irritating issues like gratuities, bribery, corruption, loyalty and also whistle blowing and also many such related issues which can cause such a strain in the public. All these related issues are very serious of their kind and can cause many kinds of social problems. Thus the studies and the resultant hypothesis of many police officers have resulted in collection of enough data that has really meant that there are several key elements that any police officer needs to possess and these can very well be classified into the most five common elements and these are service, honesty or integrity, loyalty and service. Thus the policy of zero tolerance could very well be tested and also will be very effective since they always highlight an effective means of taking the very much needed stringent actions that very well tends to curtail the criminal instinct of most of the people. In many cases the Zero tolerant policies are often tended to be more superficial and hence results in it become reality very rare. Thus there is much statistical evidence that states that there are many negatives that is disadvantages and also many sorts of positives that is advantages related to the zero tolerance policy. Also the implementation of the zero tolerance policy is very tough and almost all the departments offer stiff resistance to its implementation

Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Report - Essay Example findings of leading Canadian organization like Angus Reid Strategies poll, the total number of people supporting legalization of cannabis usage in Canada is much higher than the people who are opposing it. The research, which was mainly conduced among the Canadian adults, especially in the region of British Columbia, has found that, â€Å"65% favored legalizing marijuana as a means of reducing gang violence, while only 35% favored increasing marijuana trafficking penalties.† (Canada: Two-Thirds of British Columbia Voters Favor Legalizing Marijuana, Poll Finds†, 5th August, 2009) Gang violence and other forms of criminal activisms are major concerns both for Canadian administration as well as for common people. Due to this reason some people are of opinion that legalization of marijuana will reduce the youths from indulging into this kind of antisocial activities. On the other hand, others are of opinion that implementation of proper penalties is the only solution to solv e this problem. Legalization of marijuana will only worsen the whole situation. This article by Peter BeckI has also been written in support of marijuana legalization in Canada. Unlike Ian Welsh, the author has not gone into balancing his arguments between economic and socio-moral perspective. It seems that his entire interest lies in the fact that how Canada can become a more economically prosperous nation. As he has found that legalization of Cannabis will help Canadian economy substantially, he accordingly has come up with his logically correct arguments. Canada: Two-Thirds of British Columbia Voters Favor Legalizing Marijuana, Poll Finds. (2009). Drug War Chronicle, Issue #584. Retrieved on October 18, 2009, from http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/584/british_columbia_marijuana_legalization_poll. This article provides us with quite recent and authentic information about recent Canadian condition on legalization of marijuana. We not only receive adequate information about reaction of

Three topics every topic one page Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Three topics every topic one page - Essay Example As early as the 1820s the United States instituted reform measures aimed at curbing slavery throughout the country. For instance, the Missouri Compromise, established in 1820, outlawed the practice of slavery in any of the territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. While the Missouri Compromise constituted a major reform measures, undoubtedly another of the most prominent reform measures was the Compromise of 1850. The Compromise of 1850 established a number of reform measures aimed to curb the then boiling tensions regarding slavery. This compromise specifically indicated that Washington D.C. would not become a slave state and that the Southern wish to involve California in the slave trade was also prohibited. Conversely, the act granted the southern states a strong fugitive slave act, which ensured escaped slaves would be returned. Ultimately, however, while these reform measures put off the eventual war, they would not be enough to stop the significant sectional crisis that e merged. 2. The mid-19th century American division between the northern and southern states over slavery came to be referred to as the sectional crisis. The sectional crisis divided the nation along geographic lines and created new divisions that the nation had never previously experienced. This essay argues that the

Molly Dinton Essay Example for Free

Molly Dinton Essay I dont know where documentary is going, but at the moment it is fast becoming a soap opera in order to keep its place in the schedules Molly Dinton. Dinton believes that the documentary genre is changing in order to survive. This evolution of the genre could be justified, and enables the diverse genre to still be able to attain fixtures on the British television broadcasting stations. The statement of the documentary fast becoming a soap opera, can to some extent be supported. Currently on British television, there has been a swarm of reality TV programmes and Docu- soaps, which can be seen as a polluted hybrid of the documentary genre. These programmes are noted as successful in attracting an audience, therefore, the TV institutions are more likely to exploit these wining formulas of the genre and schedule the newer, more popular American format of documentary rather than the traditional documentary formula that aims to construct a social criticism and catalyse change, which often has a stigma of smelling of dust and boredom (Alberto Cavalcanti). Institutions are able to have a minimal risk of financial failure with docu- soaps and reality TV programmes, because as well having a high rating of audience consumption, the programmes are financially very cheap to produce. This is because the hybrid forms do not generally have professional actors but consist of real people. Also the programmes are often filmed in cheap locations over a relatively short period of time compared with Nick Broomfields Aileen- The Life and Death of a Serial Killer. In this recent documentary (2003) Broomfield worked in America for multiple months, which would have been extremely costly. Paul Hanmann, head of BBC Documentary features, says that a reality programme is three times cheaper as comparable light entertainment. Or take for example, Martin Bashirs The Michael Jackson Story, where by Bashir followed Michael Jackson from country to country over a period of a year, making a very costly production for ITV. In this investigative documentary, it too can also be noted as conforming to the new soap opera style of documentary, as Bashir chose to present to the nation the version that sensationalised the Jackson story in a negative light creating a spin off of conversation for a duration after. Bashir, like a soap opera director, chose to present the narrative version of the documentary that would create the most dramatic effect or shock for the audience. TV executives are more keen on scheduling the popular forms of the documentary genre and make the values of the programme centre on entertainment, as they feel entertainment is more appealing to the audience than a documentary that exits on a moral and ethical dimension. The intertextuality of the Docu- Soaps such as Vet School, The Cruise and Driving school, attract huge viewing ratings. For example Driving school had a 12. 5 million audience. The Docu- soap resembles the conventional fly on the wall antecedents, but like a Soap Opera, the genre prioritises audience entertainment over social commentary, and focuses on characters and their personalities, rather than on their social roles or professions. Characters are picked for their personalities, to ensure interesting viewing and strike a parallel with the Soap Operas, in that the characters are known on a first name basis to build up a relationship between audience and screen characters. Likewise, the episodes are strongly based on the drive of the narrative structure, to make more entertaining, simplistic and more story- like for the audience to follow and enjoy. Yet another demonstration of documentaries becoming a soap opera is with channel 4s Thatll teach them. In this series, teenagers of today were seemingly sent back in time to be educated in the 1950s. The programme is then followed up, several months later with, That taught em, making the series like a soap opera because the channel are adding to the original narrative, in order to get a greater knowledge of the teenagers. Reality TV combines the commercial success of tabloid content with a public service mode of address. The genre includes The Salon, Big Brother, Police Camera Action and Wife Swap, which are all hugely popular. Big Brother had a staggering 45, 000 people audition to be on the programme. These programmes are essentially very alike in comparison to Soap Operas. Often in reality TV, contrasting personalities are deliberately selected or an arisen conflict sensationalised; also many of the programmes are edited in order to capture comedy moments. Moreover in the Docu- Soap Driving School, there is evidence to suggest that many of the sequences, or body language/ facial expressions in the programme were faked in order to create further dramatic effect. Through sensationalising episodes, these programmes are able to compete with the story lines of many soaps, and attract viewers who enjoy much of the dramatisation that occurs in the soap operas. It also serves to entertain the audience. Reality TV is very much like many soaps. This is achieved by using editing. The Directors are able to create a persona or character of the participants, that the audience will either love or loathe, through selecting which footage to air and which to discard. With CCTV footage in Police Camera Action and 24/7 actuality footage of the constructed documentary, Big Brother, the audience is able to involve themselves in dramatic irony and acquire a greater knowledge of the characters and their situations, like we are also able to do through watching soaps. As McCann states it often turns us into Peeping Toms, which obviously appeals to a sector of society. There is however, evidence to suggest that many documentaries, which adopt the objective of catalysing change in the law or the dominant ideology and use film verite, are also still scheduled on British TV. For example, during November of each year, war documentaries will be broadcasted for Remembrance Day, and in the month of August, documentaries on Princess Diana and her death will be documented, to heighten the audiences level of awareness surrounding her suspicious death. These documentaries try to offer several new pieces of information discovered that are based on fact and not fiction. Experts, eyewitnesses, and official civil servants provide the evidence for the programme, giving it credibility. The documentary serves to criticise, the way in which the investigation was run, but also to cause the audience to change their previously held opinion on the subject, and to take on and believe the message given by the text. Occasionally other documentaries by famous documentarians are scheduled, such as Nick Broomfields Biggie and Tupac, (channel 4 2003), where Broomfield exposes the maze of obstacles and corruption complicating the investigation of the unsolved murders of the rap stars. Also, it is evident that many nature documentaries are shown on channel five, but not at peak times, which docu- soaps and reality TV are aired. In addition to this there is evidence to suggest that not all documentaries have to become soap operas in order to keep its place in the soap operas. This point can be clearly illustrated with the co- production by the BBC and Discovery Channel in their creation of Walking with Dinosaurs. The documentary achieved huge success and was stated as being the biggest thing on TV in 160 million years. With the aid of computer graphics, the programme portrayed to the audience at peak times of scheduling, a factual account of how dinosaurs lived, adapted into the different time periods, and eventually became extinct. There are also niche channels on Digital or Sky channels, such as Discovery, History, and the Learning channel, all of which schedule films solely from the documentary genre. These channels have high ratings and status, but are not available to everyone. In conclusion, I feel that Molly Dinton was justified in stating that the documentary is fast becoming a soap opera in order to keep its place in the schedules. This is mainly because the mass audience prefer docu- soaps and reality TV, which are closely related to soap operas. This is because these factions of the documentary genre entertain, and cause diversion and escapism for the audience, who are easily able to relax in their leisure time and watch the light- entertainment programmes. They are not presented with a programme that requires the mind to work too hard after a draining day. The broadcasting institutions generally broadcast, what is demanded from the public and what is financially better for their business, making the way clear for further reality shows that resemble the soaps to be produced. Perhaps the film verite documentaries are not as popular as the hybrid genres because in general they require a higher intellect/ socio- economic group to follow the programme or be interested in the issues investigated. This form of documentary perhaps has outlived its usefulness and no longer has a very clear significance. The vast docu- soaps and reality television programmes are scheduled at peak times, because they appeal to a wider audience where as the occasional documentary is scheduled mainly in the late eve. Therefore it is true that documentaries are fast becoming soap operas in order to survive.